Abstract
The presented research discusses the experimental procedure
developed for testing of friction brake systems installed on the
modern electric vehicles. Approach of combined experimental
technique utilizing hardware-in-the-loop platform and brake dynamometer is introduced. As the case study, an influence of
brake lining coefficient of friction fluctuations on the anti-lock
brake system (ABS) performance is investigated. The ABS algorithm is represented by the direct slip control aimed to the
precise tracking of reference slip ratio by means of electric and
friction brake system. Vehicle prototype is represented by RWD electric vehicle with in-wheel motors. Results, representing the
investigated phenomenon, are derived using the developed
combined test bench. The achieved results give a basis for further extension of standard brake testing procedures.
Introduction
Among many specific technological problems related to the electric vehicles (EV), development of EV brake system is of
special importance and can require the revision and
advancement of conventional design principles. The reason is that an influence of different electric powertrain concepts must
be properly taken into account to guarantee safe and energy-
efficient operation in the braking mode. Various factors should be especially addressed during the process of EV brake
system design.
The main factors related to the architecture of the brake
system can be formulated as follows:
• Brake functions of an electric vehicle are being realized
both with friction brakes and electric motors operated in a
recuperation mode (brake blending). As a result, friction
brakes operate in different loading modes as compared with conventional vehicles.
• The specific cases as the electric system fail must be considered to provide an appropriate deceleration requested by the driver. Such modes bring several constraints to the brakes design.
• Due to the specific operation modes friction brakes can meet also other problems such as corrosion.
• In the case of electric powertrain architecture with in-wheel motors (IWM), wheel hub space available for the installation of friction brakes is limited. Therefore their downsizing is required.
• Packaging of IWM and friction brake inside of the wheel hub is characterized by specific thermal mode that calls for advanced cooling or ventilation measures.
Other factors are relevant to the brake system level, where the
brake blending requires proper consideration for the following tasks:
• Optimal brake force distribution realized through both
brake subsystems;
• Wheel slip control with combined brake torque modulation, for instance, by electric motors and wheel brakes actuated
by hydraulic brake systems;
• Adaptation of brake pedal characteristics to ensure the required driver comfort (brake pedal feel).
These points evidence the need of the novel testing
approaches and development of special testing procedures for brake systems of electric vehicle. It is also required to shorten
significantly the step between simulation and road tests. For
this purpose, the tests carried out on the stand-alone brake dynamometer [1, 2] can be advanced by installing of the real
brake system. With further extensions like the brake robot and
vehicle dynamics simulator software, the resulting approach will have several advantages as consideration of the system
hysteresis, inclusion of delays produced by the driver during
brake application etc. For the research tasks related to safety and stability control algorithms of electric vehicles, it can be
very advantageous to receive the information about the brake
lining coefficient of friction to track its possible influence on the Combined Testing Technique: Development of Friction
Brake System for Electric Vehicle2014-01-2529
Published 09/28/2014
Klaus Augsburg, Dzmitry Savitski, Lukas Heidrich, and Valentin Ivanov
Ilmenau University of Technology
CITATION: Augsburg, K., Savitski, D.
SAE_2014-01-2529_Combined Testing Technique_Development of Friction Brake System for Electric Vehicle
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