每日免费获取报告 1、每日微信群内分享7+最新重磅报告； 2、每日分享当日华尔街日报、金融时报； 3、每周分享经济学人 4、行研报告均为公开版，权利归原作者 所有，起点财经仅分发做内部学习。 扫一扫二维码 关注公号 回复：研究报告 加入“起点财经”微信群。。 © 2021 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Englert, Dominik; Losos, Andrew; Raucci, Carlo; Smith, Tristan. 2021. Volume 2: The Role of LNG in the Transition Toward Low- and Zero-Carbon Shipping. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/ handle/10986/35437 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522- 2625; e-mail: [email protected]. This document is Version 1.0 from 15 April 2021. Cover photo: © Wajciech Wrzesien / Shutterstock. Used with the permission of Wajciech Wrzesien / Shutterstock. Further permission required for reuse. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preamble ........................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... ii Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. iii Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... I LNG as a bunker fuel I LNG’s climate conundrum II Current discussions on LNG’s future role II LNG as a “transitional” bunker fuel? III LNG as a “temporary” bunker fuel? IV A “limited” role for LNG as a bunker fuel VII Implications for policymakers VII Implications for industry IX 1. Introduction ........................................................................................ 1 2. LNG’s potential as a bunker fuel ......................................................................... 7 2.1 LNG uptake projections 7 2.1.1 Performance of LNG projections relative to historical evidence .......... 8 2.1.2 Short-term projections (up to 2030) ............................................................. 8 2.1.3 Long-term projections (up to 2050) ............................................................. 10 2.2 Key drivers and differences in uptake projections 14 2.2.1 GHG implications .............................................................................................. 16 2.2.2 Macroeconomic considerations .................................................