c~AETheEngineering Society~ ForAdvancing Mobility~ LandSeaAirandSpace® I NTERNATIONA L 400COMMONWEALTHDRIVE,WARRENDALE,PA15096·0001U.S.A. 892157 AntiwearCharacteristics ofAutomatic Transmission Fluids AndrewG.papayandJlohnP.Sunne EthylPetroleumAdditives,Inc. International FuelsandLubricants MeetingandExposition Baltimore, Maryland September 25-28,1989Downloaded from SAE International by University of Wisconsin - Madison , Sunday, September 09, 2018Theappearance oftheISSNcodeatthebottomofthispageindicates SAE'sconsentthal copiesofthepapermaybemadeforpersonal orinternaluseofspecificclients.Thisconsent isgivenonthecondition, however, thatthecopierpaya$5.00perarticlecopyfeethroughthe Copyright Clearance Center,Inc.,Operations Center,27Congress St.,Salem,MA01970for copyingbeyondthatpermitted bySections 107or108oflheU.S.Copyright Law.Thisconsent doesnotextendtootherkindsofcopyingsuchascopyingforgeneraldistribution, for advertising orpromotional purposes, lorcreatingnewcoliective works,orforresale. SAEroutinely stocksprintedpapersloraperiodofthreeyearsfoliowing date01publication. DirectyourorderstoSAECustomer ServiceDepartment. Toobtainquanmyreprintrates,permission toreprintatechnical paperorpermission touse copyrighted SAEpublications inotherworks,contacttheSAEPublications Group. AllSAEpapersate abstracted andIfldcrod III rhoSAEGlobalMobltryDatabaso $ASGLOBAL MOBILITY DATABASE Nopartofthispublication maybereproduced inanylorm, inan electronic retrievalsystemorotherwise, withoutthepriorwrit­ tenpermission ofthepublisher. ISSN0148-7191 Copyright 1989SocietyofAutomotive Engineers, Inc. Positions andopinions advanced inthispaperarethoseofthe author(s) andnotnecessarily thoseofSAE.Theauthorissoleiy responsible forthecontentofthepaper.Aprocessisavailable bywhichdiscussions willbeprintedwiththepaperif itis published inSAETransactions. Forpermission topublish this paperinfuliorinpert.contacttheSAEPublications Division.Personswishingtosubmitpaperstobeconsidered forpresen­ tationorpublication throughSAEshouldsendthemanuscript ora300wordabstractofaproposed manuscript to:Secretary. Engineering ActivityBoard.SAE. PrintedInUSADownloaded from SAE International by University of Wisconsin - Madison , Sunday, September 09, 2018892157 Antiwear Characteristics ofAutomatic Transmission Fluids AndrewO.papayandJohnP.Sunne EthylPelroleum Addltives, Inc. ABSTRACT Automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) arerequired topossess ahigh levelofantiwear (AW)characteris­ ticsinordertofunction properly in themultitude ofapplications where suchproducts areused. Generally DEXRON®-II* orMERCON®** fluids have given good AWperformance inthe field. However, ATFsofdifferent chem- istries might exhibit different levelsofAWperformance. Experimen­talworkwithATFsofdifferent chemistries hasshown widediffer­ ences inAWlevels. Thus,testswere carried outwiththeGMpowersteer­ ingpumptest,theVickers pump (MERCON® procedure) test,theFZG Low-Speed Weartest,theCRCL-20 geartestandseveral industrial pump tests. Theresults showthatsigni­ ficant amounts ofmetals inthe product detract fromsomeaspects of theAWproperties, andanashless formulation canbethebestchoice. AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION FLUIDS are multi-functional products thatare required topossess among other properties thoseofanantiwear (AW) lubricant. TheAWproperties are needed tocontrol wearinthoseparts ofatransmission where metal-to- *DEXRON isaregistered trademark ofGeneral Motors corporation. **MERCON isaregistered trademark ofFordMotorCompany.metal contact, undersomepressure,ismostlikelytooccur. Suchparts include oilpumps, bearings and gears. Regular AWmechanisms per­ taining tosteel-on-steel contacts control thisaspect (1)***. Aspec­ialAWaspect isthatrelated to steel-on-bronze orbrass parts contacts. Steel-on-yellow-metal wearcontrol requires different AW approaches. Sinceyellow metalwear isfrequently ofthechemical type, suchasoxidative corrosion, this aspect ofwearrequires special study andattention. However, an ATFmustpossess botht