400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A. Tel: (724) 776-4841 Fax: (724) 776-0790 Web: www.sae.org SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2007-01-0296 Hybrid System Development for High-Performance All Wheel Drive Vehicle Kiyoshiro Ueoka, Zenichiro Mashiki, Kenya Maruyama, Takeshi Ito and Masatoshi Ito Toyota Motor Corp. Shuji Tomura Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. Reprinted From: Advanced Hybr id Vehicle Powertrains, 2007 (SP-2101) 2007 World Congress Detroit, Michigan April 16-19, 2007 By mandate of the Engin eering Meetings Board, th is paper has been approved for SAE publication upon completion of a peer review process by a minimum of three (3) industry experts under the supervision ofthe session organizer. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,without the prior written permission of SAE. For permission and licensing requests contact:SAE Permissions 400 Commonwealth DriveWarrendale, PA 15096-0001-USAEmail: [email protected]: 724-776-3036Tel: 724-772-4028 For multiple print copies contact: SAE Customer Service Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: Customer [email protected] ISSN 0148-7191 Copyright © 2007 SAE InternationalPositions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE.The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. A process is available by which discussions will be printed with the pap er if it is publishe d in SAE Transactions. Persons wishing to submit papers to be considered for presentation or publication by SAE should send the manuscript or a 300 word abstract of a proposed manuscript to: Secretary, Engineering Meetings Board, SAE. Printed in USA 2007-01-0296 Hybrid System Development for High-Performance All Wheel Drive Vehicle Kiyoshiro Ueoka, Zenichiro Mashiki, Kenya Maruyama, Toyota Motor Corp. Shuji Tomura Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. Copyright © 2007 SAE International With further improvements, the HSD line-up was installed in the RX400h and Highlander as mid-size SUVs in 2005, and in the GS450h as the rear-wheel drive passenger vehicle in 2006. This enhanced HSD power train has excellent environmental and driving performance that could not be achieved by any conventional gasoline-engine vehicle. Sales of Toyotahybrid vehicles have been expanding year by year(Figure 1), increasing their presence in the automotivemarket and contributing to improvement of the globalenvironment.ABSTRACT The original Toyota Hybrid System (THS) was installed in the Prius and was introduced in 1997 as the world’s firstmass-produced hybrid passenger car. Since then, THShas been continuously improved. In 2003 THS-II(marketed as Hybrid Synergy Drive [HSD]), was installed in a new larger Prius. In 2006 HSD was installed in a Rear Wheel Drive Vehicle: the LEXUS GS450h. Thissystem achieved both 4.5-liter class power performanceand compact class fuel economy with outstanding emissions performance.           &DOHQGDU<HDU1HPEHURI8QLWV6ROG7RWDO 7+67+6൪ 7+6&In 2007, this system is expanded to a mechanical all- wheel-drive(AWD) in the LEXUS LS600hL(with new V8 engine). This paper will explain this hybrid system which achieved both V12 class power performance and mid- size class fuel economy, while meeting the moststringent emission standard SULEV as a full-size vehicle. INTRODUCTION Environmental problems, such as global warming caused by world wide increase in CO 2 emissions and urban air contamination caused by other air pollutants, demand development of vehicles with improved emissions performance. The hybrid system, which combines an internal-combustion engine and an electric motor, is recognized as highly effective in redu