400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A. Tel: (724) 776-4841 Fax: (724) 776-0790 Web: www.sae.org SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2007-01-3988 Automatic Transmission and Driveline Fluids Timothy Newcomb BorgWarner, Inc. Craig Tipton Lubrizol Corporation Tze-Chi Jao Afton Chemical Corporation Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition Rosemont, Illinois October 29-November 1, 2007Downloaded from SAE International by Univ of California Berkeley, Saturday, August 04, 2018The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAE's peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. For permission and licensing requests contact: SAE Permissions 400 Commonwealth DriveWarrendale, PA 15096-0001-USAEmail: [email protected]: 724-772-4028 Fax: 724-776-3036 For multiple print copies contact: SAE Customer Service Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: [email protected] ISSN 0148-7191 Copyright © 2007 SAE International Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. A process is available by which discussions will be printed with the paper if it is published in SAE Transactions. Persons wishing to submit papers to be considered for presentation or publication by SAE should send the manuscript or a 300 word abstract to Secretary, Engineering Meetings Board, SAE. Printed in USADownloaded from SAE International by Univ of California Berkeley, Saturday, August 04, 2018∗This paper was written in 2004 as chapter 12 for the AE-29 “Design Practices, Passenger Car Automatic Transmissions” text and revised in 2005. Due to delays in publication of AE-29, the AE-29 steering committee granted the authors permission to publish this work in this forum. This paper or a revised version, will be include d in AE-29 when it is published.ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of driveline fluids, in particular automatic transmission fluids (ATFs), and isintended to be a general reference for those workingwith such fluids. Included are an introduction todriveline fluids, highlighting what sets them apart fromother lubricants, a history of ATF development, adescription of key physical ATF properties and acomparison of ATF fluid specifications. Also includedare descriptions of the chemical composition of suchfluids and the commonly used basestocks. A section isincluded on how to evaluate used driveline oils,describing common test methods and some commentson interpreting the test results. Finally the futuredirection of driveline fluid development is discussed. Aglossary of terms is included at the end. PAPER ORGANIZATION This paper is organized into 12 sections. •Introduction •History of ATF Development •Key Physical Properties •Basestocks and Their Impact on Performance •Chemical Composition •Driveline Fluid Specifications •Evaluating the Condition of Used Driveline Oils •Future Directions •Acknowledgements •Glossary of Terms •Key References •ReferencesINTRODUCTION Driveline fluids, apart from hypoid gear oils, are a specialized group of lubricants used in transmission andhydraulic applications in motor vehicles. There aremany different types of transmission fluids; includingautomatic transmission fluids, push-belt and chain typecontinuously variable transmission (CVT) fluids, manualtransmission fluids (MTFs), dual clutch transmission(DCT) fluids, farm tractor hydraulic fluids, off-highwayheavy-duty equipment fluids, torque fluids and tractiondrive fluids. The