论文标题
在嘈杂的中间尺度量子计算机上串扰的软件缓解串扰
Software Mitigation of Crosstalk on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers
论文作者
论文摘要
Crosstalk是嘈杂的中间量子(NISQ)系统中噪音的主要来源,并且是硬件设计的根本挑战。当并行执行多个指令时,指令之间的串扰会破坏量子状态并导致程序执行不正确。我们的目标是通过软件技术来减轻串扰噪声的应用影响。这需要(i)硬件串扰的准确表征,以及(ii)智能指令计划以使受影响的操作序列化。由于串扰表征在计算上是昂贵的,因此我们开发优化,以减少开销的表征。在三个20 Q量的IBMQ系统上,我们证明了与全对串扰测量值相比,表征时间(QC设备上的计算时间)的数量级减少了。通过这些特征,我们开发了一个调度程序,该调度程序明智地序列化高串扰指令,平衡了减轻串扰和指数级的分解错误的需求。在三个IBMQ系统上的实际系统运行中,与IBM指令调度程序相比,我们的调度程序将应用电路的错误率提高了5.6倍,并在实践中提供了近乎最佳的串扰缓解措施。 在更广泛的情况下,缓解串扰的困难最近驱使QC供应商朝着较稀疏的量子连接性或完全在硬件中禁用附近的操作,这可能对性能有害。我们的工作为缓解串扰错误的软件减轻措施提供了理由。
Crosstalk is a major source of noise in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) systems and is a fundamental challenge for hardware design. When multiple instructions are executed in parallel, crosstalk between the instructions can corrupt the quantum state and lead to incorrect program execution. Our goal is to mitigate the application impact of crosstalk noise through software techniques. This requires (i) accurate characterization of hardware crosstalk, and (ii) intelligent instruction scheduling to serialize the affected operations. Since crosstalk characterization is computationally expensive, we develop optimizations which reduce the characterization overhead. On three 20-qubit IBMQ systems, we demonstrate two orders of magnitude reduction in characterization time (compute time on the QC device) compared to all-pairs crosstalk measurements. Informed by these characterization, we develop a scheduler that judiciously serializes high crosstalk instructions balancing the need to mitigate crosstalk and exponential decoherence errors from serialization. On real-system runs on three IBMQ systems, our scheduler improves the error rate of application circuits by up to 5.6x, compared to the IBM instruction scheduler and offers near-optimal crosstalk mitigation in practice. In a broader picture, the difficulty of mitigating crosstalk has recently driven QC vendors to move towards sparser qubit connectivity or disabling nearby operations entirely in hardware, which can be detrimental to performance. Our work makes the case for software mitigation of crosstalk errors.