论文标题

以太坊的演变:时间图视角

Evolution of Ethereum: A Temporal Graph Perspective

论文作者

Bai, Qianlan, Zhang, Chao, Xu, Yuedong, Chen, Xiaowei, Wang, Xin

论文摘要

以太坊是最受欢迎的区块链系统之一,每天支持超过500万笔交易,并使用其图灵完整的智能合同机来培养其他分散应用程序。尽管以太坊的交易模式是什么是神秘的,以及它如何随着时间的流逝而演变。在本文中,我们从时间图的角度研究以太坊交易的进化行为。我们首先开发一个数据分析平台,以收集与用户相关的外部交易以及由智能合约发起的内部交易。根据交易关系构建了三种类型的时间图,用户对用户,合同合同和用户合同图表,并通过适当的时间窗口进行分割。我们观察到用户对用户交易图的大小与时间窗口中的平均以太价格之间存在很强的相关性,而没有以平均程度,平均边缘重量和平均三重态闭合持续时间显示这种连锁的证据。以太坊交易的宏观和微观爆发性得到了验证。我们分析了交易图的Gini索引和用户财富,在某种意义上,从一开始就发现以太坊非常不公平,“富人已经非常丰富”。

Ethereum is one of the most popular blockchain systems that supports more than half a million transactions every day and fosters miscellaneous decentralized applications with its Turing-complete smart contract machine. Whereas it remains mysterious what the transaction pattern of Ethereum is and how it evolves over time. In this paper, we study the evolutionary behavior of Ethereum transactions from a temporal graph point of view. We first develop a data analytics platform to collect external transactions associated with users as well as internal transactions initiated by smart contracts. Three types of temporal graphs, user-to-user, contract-to-contract and user-contract graphs, are constructed according to trading relationship and are segmented with an appropriate time window. We observe a strong correlation between the size of user-to-user transaction graph and the average Ether price in a time window, while no evidence of such linkage is shown at the average degree, average edge weights and average triplet closure duration. The macroscopic and microscopic burstiness of Ethereum transactions is validated. We analyze the Gini indexes of the transaction graphs and the user wealth in which Ethereum is found to be very unfair since the very beginning, in a sense, "the rich is already very rich".

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