论文标题
自主麦克斯韦在腔QED系统中的恶魔
Autonomous Maxwell's demon in a cavity QED system
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了一个自主麦克斯韦的恶魔计划。首先在封闭系统中的信息交换方面对其进行了分析，然后用单个Rydberg原子和高质量的微波谐振器实验实现。原子模拟了与腔相互作用的量子，又模拟了携带量子状态的信息的恶魔。当冷值横穿热腔时，恶魔阻止了从空腔模式中吸收能量，显然违反了热力学的第二定律。考虑到恶魔和Qubit-cavity系统之间相互信息的变化会导致我们建立和衡量第二定律的广义表达。最后，考虑到封闭的Qubit-cavity-demon系统，我们确定并衡量可以像统一进化所期望的那样，将广义的第二定律重塑为熵保护法。
We present an autonomous Maxwell's demon scheme. It is first analysed theoretically in term of information exchange in a closed system and then implemented experimentally with a single Rydberg atom and a high-quality microwave resonator. The atom simulates both a qubit interacting with the cavity, and a demon carrying information on the qubit state. While the cold qubit crosses the hot cavity, the demon prevents energy absorption from the cavity mode, apparently violating the second law of thermodynamics. Taking into account the change of the mutual information between the demon and the qubit-cavity system gives rise to a generalized expression of the second law that we establish and measure. Finally, considering the closed qubit-cavity-demon system, we establish and measure that the generalized second law can be recast into an entropy conservation law, as expected for a unitary evolution.
