论文标题
在磁场中正常抗压器相变的焦耳加热
Joule heating in the normal-superconductor phase transition in a magnetic field
论文作者
论文摘要
焦耳加热是一种非平衡耗散过程，当电流流动时，在正常金属中发生，与金属的抗性成正比。当它是由磁通量变化引起的涡流引起的，它也与磁通变化的速率成正比。在这里，我们表明，在磁场中金属的正常和超导状态之间的相变中，焦耳加热的总量取决于系统的热力学特性，并且与正常金属的电阻率无关。我们还表明，焦耳加热仅发生在材料的正常区域。但是，超导性的常规理论预测，焦耳加热也发生在相边界的伦敦穿透深度内的超导区域。这意味着传统的超导性理论存在问题。
Joule heating is a non-equilibrium dissipative process that occurs in a normal metal when an electric current flows, in an amount proportional to the metal's resistance. When it is induced by eddy currents resulting from a change in magnetic flux, it is also proportional to the rate at which the magnetic flux changes. Here we show that in the phase transformation between normal and superconducting states of a metal in a magnetic field, the total amount of Joule heating is determined by the thermodynamic properties of the system and is independent of the resistivity of the normal metal. We also show that Joule heating only occurs in the normal region of the material. The conventional theory of superconductivity however predicts that Joule heating occurs also in the superconducting region within a London penetration depth of the phase boundary. This implies that there is a problem with the conventional theory of superconductivity.
