论文标题
非均匀山谷的大坝洪水的运动波浪解决方案
Kinematic wave solutions for dam-break floods in non-uniform valleys
论文作者
论文摘要
在不均匀的山谷中，大坝破洪波会受到河流宽度，坡度和粗糙度的下游变化的显着影响。为了建模这些效果，我们将新的分析溶液推导到运动波方程，适用于幂律形式中的额定曲线和通用形状的水文图，只要它们在波沿波前产生单个冲击即可。首先，使用应用于平面的特征结合区域的高斯绿色定理，首先获得了均匀通道的新结果。然后，使用变量的变化将结果扩展到非均匀的山谷，该变量通过重新降低距离坐标来匀浆均匀的河流性能。为理想化的病例进行了说明和验证解决方案，然后应用于三个历史大坝故障：Tangjiashan Landslide Dam的2008年违规失败，1976年TETON DAM的管道失败以及1959年Malpasset大坝的突然失败。尽管计算成本和数据要求大大降低，但结果与现场数据和更精细的模拟非常吻合。他们还阐明了河流和水文特性如何影响洪水的繁殖和衰减。
In non-uniform valleys, dam-break flood waves can be significantly affected by downstream variations in river width, slope and roughness. To model these effects, we derive new analytical solutions to the kinematic wave equation, applicable to rating curves in the power law form and hydrographs of generic shape as long as they produce a single shock at the wave front. New results are first obtained for uniform channels, using the Gauss-Green theorem applied to characteristic-bounded regions of the plane. The results are then extended to non-uniform valleys, using a change of variable that homogenizes river properties by rescaling the distance coordinate. The solutions are illustrated and validated for idealized cases, then applied to three historical dam failures: the 2008 breaching failure of the Tangjiashan landslide dam, the 1976 piping failure of Teton Dam, and the 1959 sudden failure of Malpasset Dam. In spite of the much reduced computational cost and data requirements, the results agree well with the field data and with more elaborate simulations. They also clarify how both river and hydrograph properties affect flood propagation and attenuation.
