论文标题

比特币:仅在交易费用模型中实现比特币的公平性

BitcoinF: Achieving Fairness for Bitcoin in Transaction-Fee-Only Model

论文作者

Siddiqui, Shoeb, Vanahalli, Ganesh, Gujar, Sujit

论文摘要

区块链(例如比特币)是仅附加,安全,透明,分布式分类帐。公平的区块链有望具有健康的指标;高诚实的采矿能力,较低的处理延迟,即交易的等待时间较低,消费价格稳定,即处理交易所需的最低交易费用。随着比特币的成熟,交易的涌入会增加,并且块奖励变得微不足道。我们表明,在这些条件下,很难维持区块链的健康。在比特币中,在这些成熟的运营条件(MOC)下,矿工会发现承担其采矿成本是一项挑战,因为仅仅挖掘了一个块,就不会再有收入了。这可能会导致矿工不继续开采,从而威胁区块链的安全。此外,正如我们在本文中使用模拟所示的那样,在MOC下,采取行动的成本非常高,比特币的比特币非常高,使所有矿工都贪婪地处理交易。它导致滞留的交易,即提供低交易费用的交易,经历不合理的处理延迟。更糟糕的是,这些滞留的交易的复杂效果是消费价格上涨。这种现象不仅会引起矿工和用户所经历的不公平,而且会使区块链的健康状况恶化。 我们提出了比特币交易处理协议,这是对现有比特币协议的简单而高效的修改,以解决这些不公平问题。比特币解决了这些不公平问题的问题,同时保留了用户表达紧迫性并将其交易优先级的能力。

A blockchain, such as Bitcoin, is an append-only, secure, transparent, distributed ledger. A fair blockchain is expected to have healthy metrics; high honest mining power, low processing latency, i.e., low wait times for transactions and stable price of consumption, i.e., the minimum transaction fee required to have a transaction processed. As Bitcoin matures, the influx of transactions increases and the block rewards become insignificant. We show that under these conditions, it becomes hard to maintain the health of the blockchain. In Bitcoin, under these mature operating conditions (MOC), the miners would find it challenging to cover their mining costs as there would be no more revenue from merely mining a block. It may cause miners not to continue mining, threatening the blockchain's security. Further, as we show in this paper using simulations, the cost of acting in favor of the health of the blockchain, under MOC, is very high in Bitcoin, causing all miners to process transactions greedily. It leads to stranded transactions, i.e., transactions offering low transaction fees, experiencing unreasonably high processing latency. To make matters worse, a compounding effect of these stranded transactions is the rising price of consumption. Such phenomena not only induce unfairness as experienced by the miners and the users but also deteriorate the health of the blockchain. We propose BitcoinF transaction processing protocol, a simple, yet highly effective modification to the existing Bitcoin protocol to fix these issues of unfairness. BitcoinF resolves these issues of unfairness while preserving the ability of the users to express urgency and have their transactions prioritized.

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