论文标题
快速光环CMES的地理效应低，2002年与12 X级耀斑有关
Low geo-effectiveness of fast halo CMEs related to the 12 X-class flares in 2002
论文作者
论文摘要
人们普遍认为，极端空间天气事件往往与强烈的耀斑和快速的光晕冠状质量弹出有关。在本文中，我们仔细地确定了2002年发生的所有12个X级耀斑引起的事件链。在这个小样本中，我们发现大于74度的经度大于74度的太阳能源的异常高率（58 \％）。然而，所有12级X级耀斑至少与一个CME相关。快速光环CME（50 \％）与L1处的星际CME（ICME）和弱dst最小值（$> -51 \; $ nt）有关； 12 X级耀斑中有5个（41 \％）与太阳质子事件（SPE）有关。我们得出的结论是：（i）所有十二个分析的太阳事件，即使是与源自中央磁盘区域的快速光环CME相关的太阳事件，而这些ICMES和SPE也不是非常有效的。这个意外的结果表明，链中建议的事件（快速的Halo CME，X级耀斑，中央磁盘区域，ICME，SPE）并不是无限的地理效应的代理。 （ii）IMF的集成和归一化向南组件的低值（$ b^*_ z $）可以解释该小样本的低地理效应。实际上，$ b^*_ z $与弱的DST和低极光电泽（AE）活动息息相关。因此，我们可以解释的2002年地球上唯一的空间天气影响是基于$ b^*_ z $在L1处。
It is generally accepted that extreme space weather events tend to be related to strong flares and fast halo coronal mass ejections CMEs. In the present paper, we carefully identify the chain of events from the Sun to the Earth induced by all 12 X-class flares that occurred in 2002. In this small sample, we find an unusual high rate (58\%) of solar sources with a longitude larger than 74 degrees. Yet, all 12 X-class flares are associated with at least one CME. The fast halo CMEs (50\% ) are related to interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs) at L1 and weak Dst minimum values ($> -51\;$nT); while 5 (41\%) of the 12 X-class flares are related to solar proton events (SPE). We conclude that: (i) All twelve analyzed solar events, even those associated with fast halo CMEs originating from the central disk region, and those ICMEs and SPEs were not very geo-effective. This unexpected result demonstrates that the suggested events in the chain (fast halo CME, X-class flares, central disk region, ICME, SPE) are not infallible proxies for geo-effectiveness. (ii) The low value of integrated and normalized southward component of the IMF ($B^*_z$) may explain the low geo-effectiveness for this small sample. In fact, $B^*_z$ is well correlated to the weak Dst and low auroral electrojet (AE) activity. Hence, the only space weather impact at Earth in 2002 we can explain is based on $B^*_z$ at L1.
