论文标题
使用二元中子星的重力波观测到重力常数的时间变化的限制
Constraints on the time variation of the gravitational constant using gravitational-wave observations of binary neutron stars
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了一种使用重力波（GW）合并二进制中子星的观测值来约束重力常数$ g $的变化的方法。该方法基本上依赖于以下事实：在特定宇宙时期，最大和最小允许的中子星的质量对当时$ g $的值具有简单的依赖性。合并时，GWS带有$ g $的价值。因此，如果合并的$ g $的值与当前值显着不同，则从GW观测值推断的中子星的质量将与理论允许的范围不一致。这使我们能够在合并时期和当前时期之间的$ g $变化方面限制。使用对二进制中子星系GW170817的观察，我们限制了合并和当前时期之间$ g $的分数差异，为$ -1 \ 1 \ 1 \simsimΔg/g \ lyssim 8 $。 Assuming a monotonic variation in $G$, this corresponds to a bound on the average rate of change of $-7 \times 10^{-9}~\mathrm{yr}^{-1} \le \dot{G}/G \le 5 \times 10^{-8}~\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ between these epochs.未来的观察结果将对$ g $的偏差构成严格的限制，而其他观察结果未探究。
We propose a method to constrain the variation of the gravitational constant $G$ with cosmic time using gravitational-wave (GW) observations of merging binary neutron stars. The method essentially relies on the fact that the maximum and minimum allowed masses of neutron stars at a particular cosmic epoch has a simple dependence on the value of $G$ at that epoch. GWs carry an imprint of the value of $G$ at the time of the merger. Thus, if the value of $G$ at merger is significantly different from its current value, the masses of the neutron stars inferred from the GW observations will be inconsistent with the theoretically allowed range. This enables us to place bounds on the variation of $G$ between the merger epoch and the present epoch. Using the observation of the binary neutron star system GW170817, we constrain the fractional difference in $G$ between the merger and the current epoch to be in the range $-1 \lesssim ΔG/G \lesssim 8$. Assuming a monotonic variation in $G$, this corresponds to a bound on the average rate of change of $-7 \times 10^{-9}~\mathrm{yr}^{-1} \le \dot{G}/G \le 5 \times 10^{-8}~\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ between these epochs. Future observations will put tight constraints on the deviation of $G$ over vast cosmological epochs not probed by other observations.
