论文标题

扩展自动扣除额以定位推理

Extending Automated Deduction for Commonsense Reasoning

论文作者

Tammet, Tanel

论文摘要

常识性推理长期以来一直被认为是人工智能的圣杯之一。新型机器学习算法用于自然语言处理。但是,在不结合逻辑推理的情况下,这些算法可以说仍然很浅。除了一些值得注意的例外,实践自动化的基于逻辑的推理者的开发人员主要避免将重点放在问题上。本文认为,现有自动化推理器用于经典一阶逻辑的方法和算法可以扩展到常识性推理。我们没有设计新的专业逻辑,而是为基于主流分辨率的搜索方法提供扩展框架,以使这些方法能够以合理的效率执行搜索任务,以实现实用的常识性推理。拟议的扩展名主要依赖于普通证明树,并设计用于处理包含不一致,默认规则,分类法,主题,相关性,信心和相似性措施的常识性知识库。我们声称,机器学习最适合建造常识性知识库,而扩展的基于逻辑的方法非常适合实际回答这些知识库的查询。

Commonsense reasoning has long been considered as one of the holy grails of artificial intelligence. Most of the recent progress in the field has been achieved by novel machine learning algorithms for natural language processing. However, without incorporating logical reasoning, these algorithms remain arguably shallow. With some notable exceptions, developers of practical automated logic-based reasoners have mostly avoided focusing on the problem. The paper argues that the methods and algorithms used by existing automated reasoners for classical first-order logic can be extended towards commonsense reasoning. Instead of devising new specialized logics we propose a framework of extensions to the mainstream resolution-based search methods to make these capable of performing search tasks for practical commonsense reasoning with reasonable efficiency. The proposed extensions mostly rely on operating on ordinary proof trees and are devised to handle commonsense knowledge bases containing inconsistencies, default rules, taxonomies, topics, relevance, confidence and similarity measures. We claim that machine learning is best suited for the construction of commonsense knowledge bases while the extended logic-based methods would be well-suited for actually answering queries from these knowledge bases.

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