论文标题
星系和超质量黑洞的动力建模：三轴施瓦茨奇德轨道叠加模型中的轴对称性
Dynamical Modeling of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Axisymmetry in Triaxial Schwarzschild Orbit Superposition Models
论文作者
论文摘要
我们对轴对称极限附近的三轴Schwarzschild轨道叠加法的行为进行了详细的分析。轨道叠加建模是用于确定附近星系中超质量黑洞（$ M_ \ MATHRM {BH} $）的动态质量的主要方法；但是，先前的研究报告了在将轴对称轨道代码与轴对称极限中三轴轨道代码的结果进行比较时的结果相互矛盾的结果。我们表明，为了在三轴代码中实现（扁）轴对称，需要注意将短轴管轨道对称化，并从轨道库中排除长轴管和盒子轨道。我们将最多的12个高斯 - 热点矩作为约束，我们证明了轨道类型对大型椭圆形Galaxy NGC NGC 1453的轨道建模中最佳拟合$ M_ \ Mathrm {BH} $的影响。 2020年。此外，我们验证了模拟星系数据集上更新代码的功效。我们确定了缓慢进攻的准平面轨道的子集，在该轨道上，典型的整合时间不足以完全捕获具有中央黑洞的轴对称和三轴系统中的平衡轨道行为。对这些轨道进行更可靠的处理需要进一步研究。
We present a detailed analysis of the behavior of the triaxial Schwarzschild orbit superposition method near the axisymmetric limit. Orbit superposition modeling is the primary method used to determine dynamical masses of supermassive black holes ($M_\mathrm{BH}$) in nearby galaxies; however, prior studies have reported conflicting results when comparing the outcome from axisymmetric orbit codes with that from a triaxial orbit code in the axisymmetric limit. We show that in order to achieve (oblate) axisymmetry in a triaxial code, care needs to be taken to axisymmetrize the short-axis tube orbits and to exclude both the long-axis tube and box orbits from the orbit library. Using up to 12 Gauss-Hermite moments of the line-of-sight velocity distributions as constraints, we demonstrate the effects of orbit types on the best-fit $M_\mathrm{BH}$ in orbit modeling of the massive elliptical galaxy NGC 1453 reported in Liepold et al. 2020. In addition, we verify the efficacy of our updated code on a mock galaxy dataset. We identify a subset of slowly precessing quasi-planar orbits for which the typical integration times can be insufficient to fully capture the equilibrium orbital behavior in both axisymmetric and triaxial systems with central black holes. Further investigation is needed for a more reliable treatment of these orbits.
