论文标题

在模型检查中的局部概括全球指南

Global Guidance for Local Generalization in Model Checking

论文作者

K, Hari Govind V, Chen, YuTing, Shoham, Sharon, Gurfinkel, Arie

论文摘要

基于SMT的模型检查器,尤其是IC3式检查器,是目前用于验证无限状态系统的最有效技术。他们通过本地推理来推断全局的归纳不变,同时采用基于SMT的程序(例如插值)来减轻局部推理的局限性并允许更好地概括。不幸的是,这些缓解措施与基础SMT溶剂的启发式学结合了检查,对模型检查的稳定性产生了负面影响。在本文中,我们建议以系统的方式应对当地的局限性。我们将明确的全球指导引入IC3式算法执行的本地推理。为此,我们使用三个新颖的规则扩展了SMT-IC3范式,旨在减轻源于当地的基本故障来源。我们将这些规则实例化,以线性整数算术理论,并在Z3中的间隔求解器之上实现它们。我们的经验结果表明,GSPACER的间隔者通过全球指导扩展,比垫片和唯一的全球推理更有效,此外,对插值不敏感。

SMT-based model checkers, especially IC3-style ones, are currently the most effective techniques for verification of infinite state systems. They infer global inductive invariants via local reasoning about a single step of the transition relation of a system, while employing SMT-based procedures, such as interpolation, to mitigate the limitations of local reasoning and allow for better generalization. Unfortunately, these mitigations intertwine model checking with heuristics of the underlying SMT-solver, negatively affecting stability of model checking. In this paper, we propose to tackle the limitations of locality in a systematic manner. We introduce explicit global guidance into the local reasoning performed by IC3-style algorithms. To this end, we extend the SMT-IC3 paradigm with three novel rules, designed to mitigate fundamental sources of failure that stem from locality. We instantiate these rules for the theory of Linear Integer Arithmetic and implement them on top of SPACER solver in Z3. Our empirical results show that GSPACER, SPACER extended with global guidance, is significantly more effective than both SPACER and sole global reasoning, and, furthermore, is insensitive to interpolation.

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