论文标题
霍金辐射到Schwarzschild Black Hole的非平衡后反应
The nonequilibrium back-reaction of Hawking radiation to a Schwarzschild black hole
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了从辐射场的Schwarzschild黑洞上的非平衡背部反应。背部反应的特征是靠近黑洞的膜。当膜变薄时，我们发现较大的温度差会导致更明显的负面表面张力，较大的热力学耗散成本以及能量和熵的背部反应以及较大的黑洞面积。这可能与早期宇宙中的原始黑洞有关。此外，在平衡情况下，我们的非平衡模型可以解决黑洞背反应的不一致问题。在厚的膜情况下，发现非平衡背部反应比薄膜情况更重要。非平衡温度差会增加能量和熵损失，以及黑洞和膜背反应的热力学耗散。与有限温度差的黑洞辐射的熵率相比，以熵生产速率为特征的非平衡耗散成本似乎很重要。由于熵生产速率在非平衡案例中，这可能会揭示黑洞信息悖论。非平衡热力学波动也可以反映鹰辐射的后反应对黑洞进化的影响。
We investigate the nonequilibrium back reaction on the Schwarzschild black hole from the radiation field. The back reactions are characterized by the membrane close to the black hole. When the membrane is thin, we found that larger temperature difference can lead to more significant negative surface tension, larger thermodynamic dissipation cost and back reaction in energy and entropy as well as larger black hole area. This may be relevant to the primordial black holes in early universe. Moreover, our nonequilibrium model can resolve the inconsistency issue of the black hole back reaction under zero mass limit in the equilibrium case. In the thick membrane case, the nonequilibrium back reaction is found to be more significant than that in the thin membrane case. The nonequilibrium temperature difference can increase the energy and entropy loss as well as the thermodynamic dissipation of the black hole and the membrane back reactions. The nonequilibrium dissipation cost characterized by the entropy production rate appears to be significant compared to the entropy rate radiated by the black hole under finite temperature difference. This may shed light on the black hole information paradox due to the information loss from the entropy production rate in the nonequilibirum cases. The nonequilibrium thermodynamic fluctuations can also reflect the effects of the back-reactions of the Hawking radiation on the evolution of a black hole.
