论文标题

并非所有的故障模式都平等:培训深神网络进行明确的(MIS)分类

Not all Failure Modes are Created Equal: Training Deep Neural Networks for Explicable (Mis)Classification

论文作者

Olmo, Alberto, Sengupta, Sailik, Kambhampati, Subbarao

论文摘要

深度神经网络通常在图像分类任务上是脆弱的,并且已知以错误分类输入。尽管这些错误分类可能是不可避免的,但所有故障模式都不能视为平等。某些错误分类(例如,将狗的形象分类为飞机)会使人类感到困惑,并导致人类对系统的信任。更糟糕的是,这些错误(例如,被错误分类为灵长类动物)可能会产生可恶的社会影响。因此,在这项工作中,我们旨在减少莫名其妙的错误。为了应对这一挑战,我们首先讨论获得捕获人类期望($ m^h $)的类级语义的方法,涉及哪些类在语义上接近{\ em vs.}较远的类。我们表明,对于流行的图像基准(例如CIFAR-10,CIFAR-100,IMAGENET),可以通过利用人类学科研究或公开可用的人类策划的知识库来轻松获得类级语义。其次,我们建议使用加权损失函数(WLF)来通过其遥不可及的重量来惩罚错误分类。最后,我们表明,使用提出的方法的培训(或微调)现有分类器导致深层神经网络具有(1)可比较的TOP-1准确性,(2)在分发和分发(OOD)测试数据(OOD)测试数据上的更多可阐明故障模式,以及(3)与现有工程相比的其他人类Babel的成本大大降低。

Deep Neural Networks are often brittle on image classification tasks and known to misclassify inputs. While these misclassifications may be inevitable, all failure modes cannot be considered equal. Certain misclassifications (eg. classifying the image of a dog to an airplane) can perplex humans and result in the loss of human trust in the system. Even worse, these errors (eg. a person misclassified as a primate) can have odious societal impacts. Thus, in this work, we aim to reduce inexplicable errors. To address this challenge, we first discuss methods to obtain the class-level semantics that capture the human's expectation ($M^h$) regarding which classes are semantically close {\em vs.} ones that are far away. We show that for popular image benchmarks (like CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, ImageNet), class-level semantics can be readily obtained by leveraging either human subject studies or publicly available human-curated knowledge bases. Second, we propose the use of Weighted Loss Functions (WLFs) to penalize misclassifications by the weight of their inexplicability. Finally, we show that training (or fine-tuning) existing classifiers with the proposed methods lead to Deep Neural Networks that have (1) comparable top-1 accuracy, (2) more explicable failure modes on both in-distribution and out-of-distribution (OOD) test data, and (3) incur significantly less cost in the gathering of additional human labels compared to existing works.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源