论文标题
拆除教条：中性遗传多样性在保护遗传学中的夸张的重要性
Dismantling a dogma: the inflated significance of neutral genetic diversity in conservation genetics
论文作者
论文摘要
当前物种灭绝的速度正在迅速接近前所未有的高点和地球上的生命，目前面临着由人为活性，气候变化和生态崩溃驱动的第六次巨大灭绝事件。保护遗传学领域旨在通过使用其遗传多样性水平（通常以中性基因组多样性来衡量）来保护物种，作为评估人口健康和灭绝风险的晴雨表。一个基本的假设是，较高的遗传多样性会导致物种的适应性和长期生存的增加。在这里，我们反对中性遗传多样性对保护野生人群和物种的理解重要性。我们证明，中性遗传多样性与物种灭绝的风险之间不存在简单的一般关系。取而代之的是，对于开发和实施有效的保护遗传策略，必须更好地了解功能遗传多样性，人口统计学历史和生态关系的特性。
The current rate of species extinction is rapidly approaching unprecedented highs and life on Earth presently faces a sixth mass extinction event driven by anthropogenic activity, climate change and ecological collapse. The field of conservation genetics aims at preserving species by using their levels of genetic diversity, usually measured as neutral genome-wide diversity, as a barometer for evaluating population health and extinction risk. A fundamental assumption is that higher levels of genetic diversity lead to an increase in fitness and long-term survival of a species. Here, we argue against the perceived importance of neutral genetic diversity for the conservation of wild populations and species. We demonstrate that no simple general relationship exists between neutral genetic diversity and the risk of species extinction. Instead, a better understanding of the properties of functional genetic diversity, demographic history, and ecological relationships, is necessary for developing and implementing effective conservation genetic strategies.
