论文标题

ODIN空间望远镜在木星平流层中对H2O蒸气的演变的长期监测

18-year long monitoring of the evolution of H2O vapor in the stratosphere of Jupiter with the Odin space telescope

论文作者

Benmahi, B., Cavalié, T., Dobrijevic, M., Biver, N., Bermudez-Diaz, K., Sandqvist, Aa., Lellouch, E., Moreno, R., Fouchet, T., Hue, V., Hartogh, P., Billebaud, F., Lecacheux, A., Hjalmarson, Å., Frisk, U., Olberg, M., Team, andThe Odin

论文摘要

Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9影响了木星,1994年7月,其平流层带有几种新物种,其中包括水蒸气(H2O)。借助光化学模型,H2O可以用作Jovian平流层的动力示踪剂。在本文中,我们旨在在H2O居住的水平上限制垂直涡流扩散(KZZ)。我们在2002年至2019年之间使用了ODIN空间望远镜,监测了556.936 GHz的H2O磁盘平均排放,覆盖了近二十年。我们通过一维光化学和辐射转移模型的组合分析了数据,以限制木星平流层中的垂直涡流扩散。 ODIN观察结果表明,H2O的发射在2002年至2019年之间几乎线性降低约40%。如果我们在2002年H2O扩散从2002年到2019年,即从〜0.2 MBAR扩散到2019年的压力范围内,我们只能再现时间序列。但是,这种修饰的KZZ与烃观测不相容。我们发现,即使在影响纬度的最初较大的H2O和CO的津贴中,H2O向CO2的光化学转化也不足以解释H2O线排放的逐渐下降,这表明还提出了其他损失机制。我们从H2O的ODIN观察结果得出的KZZ只能将其视为〜0.2 MBAR至〜5 MBAR压力范围的上限。用H2O和烃观测的解释之间的不兼容可能是由于一维建模局限性而导致的。 H2O的子午变异性很可能需要在极光纬度上进行评估,并与碳氢化合物的子午线变异,以量化极光化学在H2O丰度的时间演化中的作用,因为SL9撞击。使用2D模型对SL9物种的时间演变进行建模将是下一个自然步骤。

Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacted Jupiter in July 1994, leaving its stratosphere with several new species, among them water vapor (H2O). With the aid of a photochemical model H2O can be used as a dynamical tracer in the jovian stratosphere. In this paper, we aim at constraining vertical eddy diffusion (Kzz) at the levels where H2O resides. We monitored the H2O disk-averaged emission at 556.936 GHz with the Odin space telescope between 2002 and 2019, covering nearly two decades. We analyzed the data with a combination of 1D photochemical and radiative transfer models to constrain vertical eddy diffusion in the stratosphere of Jupiter. The Odin observations show us that the emission of H2O has an almost linear decrease of about 40% between 2002 and 2019.We can only reproduce our time series if we increase the magnitude of Kzz in the pressure range where H2O diffuses downward from 2002 to 2019, i.e. from ~0.2 mbar to ~5 mbar. However, this modified Kzz is incompatible with hydrocarbon observations. We find that, even if allowance is made for the initially large abundances of H2O and CO at the impact latitudes, the photochemical conversion of H2O to CO2 is not sufficient to explain the progressive decline of the H2O line emission, suggestive of additional loss mechanisms. The Kzz we derived from the Odin observations of H2O can only be viewed as an upper limit in the ~0.2 mbar to ~5 mbar pressure range. The incompatibility between the interpretations made from H2O and hydrocarbon observations probably results from 1D modeling limitations. Meridional variability of H2O, most probably at auroral latitudes, would need to be assessed and compared with that of hydrocarbons to quantify the role of auroral chemistry in the temporal evolution of the H2O abundance since the SL9 impacts. Modeling the temporal evolution of SL9 species with a 2D model would be the next natural step.

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