论文标题
加强了多维系统的第二定律，耦合到多个热力学储层
Strengthened second law for multi-dimensional systems coupled to multiple thermodynamic reservoirs
论文作者
论文摘要
热力学的第二定律可以作为对任何正在接受马尔可夫动力学的系统的熵演变的限制。在这里，我证明，如果我们有一组\ textIt {a a a a tebtiT {a a a trickit {a a trickit {a a限制了每个坐标的动力学如何取决于其他坐标，则可以加强这种形式的第二定律，并加强多维，复杂的系统，并与多个热力学储层结合使用。例如，这种加强的第二定律（SSL）适用于由多个物理分离的，共同发展的子系统组成的复杂系统，每个系统都被确定为整体系统的坐标。在此示例中，约束涉及某些子系统的动态如何依赖其他子系统的状态。重要的是，即使其某些子系统可以同时改变状态，SSL也适用于这样的复杂系统，这在多部分过程中被禁止。如果系统是多维的，则SSL还加强了先前得出的界限，即使用反馈控制从系统中提取多少工作。重要的是，SSL不需要本地详细的平衡。因此，它有可能适用于从相互作用的经济代理到共同发展的生物物种的复杂系统。
The second law of thermodynamics can be formulated as a restriction on the evolution of the entropy of any system undergoing Markovian dynamics. Here I show that this form of the second law is strengthened for multi-dimensional, complex systems, coupled to multiple thermodynamic reservoirs, if we have a set of \textit{a priori} constraints restricting how the dynamics of each coordinate can depend on the other coordinates. As an example, this strengthened second law (SSL) applies to complex systems composed of multiple physically separated, co-evolving subsystems, each identified as a coordinate of the overall system. In this example, the constraints concern how the dynamics of some subsystems are allowed to depend on the states of the other subsystems. Importantly the SSL applies to such complex systems even if some of its subsystems can change state simultaneously, which is prohibited in a multipartite process. The SSL also strengthens previously derived bounds on how much work can be extracted from a system using feedback control, if the system is multi-dimensional. Importantly, the SSL does not require local detailed balance. So it potentially applies to complex systems ranging from interacting economic agents to co-evolving biological species.
