论文标题
$θδ{cs} $的科学
The Science of $ΘΔ^{cs}$
论文作者
论文摘要
有一个悠久的热力学思考传统，不是作为基本物理学理论（甚至是候选物理学理论），而是作为如何使用物理系统操纵来获得所需效应的理论，例如机械工作。从这种角度来看，热力学，热力和工作的基本概念，与之相对于一类设想的操作，熵的概念是相对于一类熵的概念。在我看来，许多物理学哲学家都忽略了这种观点。本文是对操纵科学及其对物理系统的影响的草图和辩护。我声称，这是在教科书中发现的，并且可以实践，这是理解热力学的最佳方法。简而言之，我称这种科学热动力学（带有连字符）或$θδ^{cs} $，以强调它可能与读者想象的那样与热力学科学不同。即使没有确信它是实践中有意义有意义的最佳方法，也应该无争议的是$θδ^{cs} $是一门合法的科学。讨论的结果是阐明了吉布斯和冯·诺伊曼熵的角色。鉴于统计热动态熵的定义，可以证明，在热力学上可逆过程的可用性下，这些功能是代表热动力学熵的唯一功能（达到加性常数）功能。在使用粗粒熵的情况下，光也散发出来。}
There is a long tradition of thinking of thermodynamics, not as a theory of fundamental physics (or even a candidate theory of fundamental physics), but as a theory of how manipulations of a physical system may be used to obtain desired effects, such as mechanical work. On this view, the basic concepts of thermodynamics, heat and work, and with them, the concept of entropy, are relative to a class of envisaged manipulations. This view has been dismissed by many philosophers of physics, in my opinion too hastily. This paper is a sketch and defense of a science of manipulations and their effects on physical systems. This is, I claim, the best way to make sense of thermodynamics as it is found in textbooks and as it is practiced. I call this science thermo-dynamics (with hyphen), or $ΘΔ^{cs}$, for short, to highlight that it may be different from the science of thermodynamics, as the reader conceives it. Even if one is not convinced that it is the best way to make sense of thermodynamics as it is practiced, it should be non-controversial that $ΘΔ^{cs}$ is a legitimate science. An upshot of the discussion is a clarification of the roles of the Gibbs and von Neumann entropies. Given the definition of statistical thermo-dynamic entropy, it can be proven that, under the assumption of availability of thermodynamically reversible processes, these functions are the unique (up to an additive constant) functions that represent thermo-dynamic entropy. Light is also shed on the use of coarse-grained entropies.}
