论文标题
Apex的广泛视野低分辨率光谱仪：仪器设计和科学预测
A wide field-of-view low-resolution spectrometer at APEX: instrument design and science forecast
论文作者
论文摘要
表征从当前时间到高红移时代的宇宙中的大规模结构，对于限制宇宙学，恒星形成和回报的历史，测量宇宙的气体含量并获得对驱动星系形成和进化的物理过程的理解至关重要。使用未解决的星系或气云的集成发射，线强度映射（LIM）提供了一个新的观察窗口，以测量结构的较大特性。这种非常有前途的技术激发了社区计划LIM实验。 我们描述了一种名为Conscounto的大型视野仪器的开发，该工具在Apex 12米望远镜的130-310 GHz范围内运行。协奏曲是一种基于总元件动感检测器技术的低分辨率光谱仪。使用快速的傅立叶变换光谱仪（FTS）获得光谱，并以0.1K的基础温度耦合到稀释低温恒温器。两个2公斤的像素阵列安装在低温恒温器中，其中还包含冷光学和前端电子设备。 我们详细介绍了导致仪器概念的技术选择，以及仪器的设计和制造以及对探测器的初步实验室测试。我们还提供了协奏曲敏感性的最佳估计，并对协奏曲的两个主要科学目标（即[CII]强度映射调查和星系簇观察）提供了预测。 我们提供了仪器设计的详细说明。基于与我们小组（Nika，Nika2和Kiss）开发的现有工具的现实比较以及实验室探测器的表征，我们提供了对天空中协奏曲敏感性的估计。最后，我们详细描述了Concerto在Apex提供的主要科学目标中的两个。
Characterise the large-scale structure in the Universe from present times to the high redshift epoch of reionisation is essential to constraining the cosmology, the history of star formation and reionisation, measuring the gas content of the Universe and obtaining a better understanding of the physical process that drive galaxy formation and evolution. Using the integrated emission from unresolved galaxies or gas clouds, line intensity mapping (LIM) provides a new observational window to measure the larger properties of structure. This very promising technique motivates the community to plan for LIM experiments. We describe the development of a large field-of-view instrument, named CONCERTO, operating in the range 130-310 GHz from the APEX 12-meters telescope. CONCERTO is a low-resolution spectrometer based on the Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors technology. Spectra are obtained using a fast Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), coupled to a dilution cryostat with base temperature of 0.1K. Two 2 kilo-pixels arrays of LEKID are mounted inside the cryostat that also contains the cold optics and the front-end electronics. We present in detail the technological choices leading to the instrumental concept, together with the design and fabrication of the instrument and preliminary laboratory tests on the detectors. We also give our best estimates of CONCERTO sensitivity and give predictions for two of the main scientific goals of CONCERTO, i.e. a [CII]-intensity mapping survey and observations of galaxy clusters. We provide a detail description of the instrument design. Based on realistic comparisons with existing instruments developed by our group (NIKA, NIKA2, and KISS), and on laboratory detectors characterisation, we provide an estimate of CONCERTO sensitivity on sky. Finally, we describe in detail two out of the main science goals offered by CONCERTO at APEX.
