论文标题
A（不是这样）的短暂距离历史：钟表之前的海上月球经度确定
A (not so) brief history of lunar distances: Lunar longitude determination at sea before the chronometer
论文作者
论文摘要
海上经度的确定在中世纪后期获得了越来越多的商业重要性，这是由于长途商人运输活动的相应增加而产生的。在十八世纪后期成功开发准确的海洋时计之前，海洋航海家主要依靠月球来确定时间和经度。由于古代以来，已将月食用于相对位置确定，但它们的罕见发生导致其常规用作可靠的方式标记。使用月球天空和明亮的参考物体（太阳或一个或多个明亮的恒星）的投影位置测量月球距离 - 选择方法。 1765年，英国经度委员会认可建立了航海历史，它具有概况和重要性。许多“投影仪”跳到潮流上，导致月球剧院桌子的扩散。到十九世纪中叶，天文序既变得更加负担得起，也越来越普遍，这表明了月球距离方法的终结开始，这是确定海上经度的一种手段。
Longitude determination at sea gained increasing commercial importance in the late Middle Ages, spawned by a commensurate increase in long-distance merchant shipping activity. Prior to the successful development of an accurate marine timepiece in the late-eighteenth century, marine navigators relied predominantly on the Moon for their time and longitude determinations. Lunar eclipses had been used for relative position determinations since Antiquity, but their rare occurrences precludes their routine use as reliable way markers. Measuring lunar distances, using the projected positions on the sky of the Moon and bright reference objects--the Sun or one or more bright stars--became the method of choice. It gained in profile and importance through the British Board of Longitude's endorsement in 1765 of the establishment of a Nautical Almanac. Numerous 'projectors' jumped onto the bandwagon, leading to a proliferation of lunar ephemeris tables. Chronometers became both more affordable and more commonplace by the mid-nineteenth century, signaling the beginning of the end for the lunar distance method as a means to determine one's longitude at sea.
