论文标题
对流行病学的负面对照方法的选择性审查
A Selective Review of Negative Control Methods in Epidemiology
论文作者
论文摘要
审查的目的：负面对照是检测和调整流行病学研究偏见的强大工具。本文向更广泛的受众介绍了负面控制，并根据正式的负面控制框架提供有关原则设计和因果分析的指导。 最新发现：我们审查并总结了可因果关系和统计假设，实践策略和验证标准，这些标准可以与主题知识结合使用以进行负面控制分析。我们还回顾了现有的统计方法，用于检测，减少和纠正混杂偏见，并简要讨论了在双重阴性对照设计中对因果效应的非参数鉴定的最新进展。 摘要：有效，准确的因果推理具有巨大的潜力，从而利用当代医疗保健数据，其中常规可用。利用负面对照的观察数据的设计和分析是对健康和社会科学兴趣日益增长的领域。尽管有这些发展，但仍需要进一步的努力来传播这些新颖的方法，以确保从实践流行病学家采用它们。
Purpose of Review: Negative controls are a powerful tool to detect and adjust for bias in epidemiological research. This paper introduces negative controls to a broader audience and provides guidance on principled design and causal analysis based on a formal negative control framework. Recent Findings: We review and summarize causal and statistical assumptions, practical strategies, and validation criteria that can be combined with subject matter knowledge to perform negative control analyses. We also review existing statistical methodologies for detection, reduction, and correction of confounding bias, and briefly discuss recent advances towards nonparametric identification of causal effects in a double negative control design. Summary: There is great potential for valid and accurate causal inference leveraging contemporary healthcare data in which negative controls are routinely available. Design and analysis of observational data leveraging negative controls is an area of growing interest in health and social sciences. Despite these developments, further effort is needed to disseminate these novel methods to ensure they are adopted by practicing epidemiologists.
