论文标题
通过基于检测到的三个星际系统的动态模拟了解白矮人大气污染的起源
Understanding the origin of white dwarf atmospheric pollution by dynamical simulations based on detected three-planet systems
论文作者
论文摘要
在25-50％的白矮人（WD）中，金属的大气污染（主要是岩石材料）在某些WDS中被检测为岩石材料，或以光度传输的形式被检测到。行星可能负责散射可以到达星目焦轨道的次要体，其中WD的潮汐力可以破坏它们并增强碎屑落入WD表面的机会。在行星系统的主要序列演化期间，恒星质量损失可以触发行星 - 行星散射过程。在这项工作中，我们继续探索可能导致WD污染的动态不稳定性。在先前的工作中，我们探索了围绕主要序列（MS）恒星发现的两行型系统，在这里我们将研究扩展到三个行星系统体系结构。我们通过使用$ n $ body-body Integrator套件汞汞来保留其动力学属性，从而进化了135个检测到的三个行星系统，将其轨道架构缩放到WD阶段。 We find that 100 simulations (8.6 %) are dynamically active (having planet losses, orbit crossing and scattering) on the WD phase, where low mass planets (1-100 $\mathrm{M}_\oplus$) tend to have instabilities in Gyr timescales while high mass planets ($>100~\mathrm{M}_\oplus$) decrease the dynamical events more rapidly as the WD年龄。此外，发现19个模拟（1.6％）的行星穿过WD的Roche Radius，其中9个具有行星巨星碰撞。与先前涉及两平面系统的研究相比，我们的三个星际模拟可能导致WD污染的模拟百分比略有增加，并表明行星平面散射的原因是将靠近WD的行星发送到WD，在那里它们可能直接碰撞到WD，潮湿或循环或循环或循环造成其或循环的污染，从而污染了WD的污染。
Between 25-50 % of white dwarfs (WD) present atmospheric pollution by metals, mainly by rocky material, which has been detected as gas/dust discs, or in the form of photometric transits in some WDs. Planets might be responsible for scattering minor bodies that can reach stargazing orbits, where the tidal forces of the WD can disrupt them and enhance the chances of debris to fall onto the WD surface. The planet-planet scattering process can be triggered by the stellar mass-loss during the post main-sequence evolution of planetary systems. In this work, we continue the exploration of the dynamical instabilities that can lead to WD pollution. In a previous work we explored two-planet systems found around main-sequence (MS) stars and here we extend the study to three-planet system architectures. We evolved 135 detected three-planet systems orbiting MS stars to the WD phase by scaling their orbital architectures in a way that their dynamical properties are preserved by using the $N$-body integrator package Mercury. We find that 100 simulations (8.6 %) are dynamically active (having planet losses, orbit crossing and scattering) on the WD phase, where low mass planets (1-100 $\mathrm{M}_\oplus$) tend to have instabilities in Gyr timescales while high mass planets ($>100~\mathrm{M}_\oplus$) decrease the dynamical events more rapidly as the WD ages. Besides, 19 simulations (1.6 %) were found to have planets crossing the Roche radius of the WD, where 9 of them had planet-star collisions. Our three-planet simulations have an slight increase percentage of simulations that may contribute to the WD pollution than the previous study involving two-planet systems and have shown that planet-planet scattering is responsible of sending planets close to the WD, where they may collide directly to the WD, become tidally disrupted or circularize their orbits, hence producing pollution on the WD atmosphere.
