论文标题
为协作机器人施加模仿限制
Pose Imitation Constraints for Collaborative Robots
论文作者
论文摘要
在机器人研究的许多领域,在机器人中实现类似人类的运动一直是一个基本目标。已经探索了逆运动学(IK)求解器作为提供拟人化运动的运动学结构的解决方案。特别是,基于几何形状(例如Fabrik)的数字求解器已显示出以低计算成本产生类似人类运动的潜力。然而,这些方法在解决机器人运动学约束时显示出局限性。这项工作提出了一个灵感来自Fabrik实时模仿的框架。目的是减轻原始算法的问题,同时保留由此产生的人类流动性和低成本。我们首先提出了姿势模仿的人类约束模型。然后,我们提出姿势模仿算法(PIC),它是软版本(图片),可以使用所提出的约束系统成功模仿人类的姿势。 PIC在两个协作机器人(Baxter和Yumi)上进行了测试。收集了五十个人的示范,以进行双重组装和切口任务。然后,两个机器人都获得了两个性能指标:相对于人类的姿势准确性和环境遮挡/阻塞的百分比。将PIC和图片的性能与数值求解器基线(FABRIK)进行了比较。对于这两项任务,所提出的算法比FabRik具有更高的姿势精度(25%-Fabrik,53% - PICS,58% - PICS)。此外,PIC及其软版本在切口期间的闭塞百分比较低(10%-Fabrik,4%PICS,9%PICS)。这些结果表明,PIC方法可以再现人类的姿势并实现人类模仿的关键所需影响。
Achieving human-like motion in robots has been a fundamental goal in many areas of robotics research. Inverse kinematic (IK) solvers have been explored as a solution to provide kinematic structures with anthropomorphic movements. In particular, numeric solvers based on geometry, such as FABRIK, have shown potential for producing human-like motion at a low computational cost. Nevertheless, these methods have shown limitations when solving for robot kinematic constraints. This work proposes a framework inspired by FABRIK for human pose imitation in real-time. The goal is to mitigate the problems of the original algorithm while retaining the resulting humanlike fluidity and low cost. We first propose a human constraint model for pose imitation. Then, we present a pose imitation algorithm (PIC), and it's soft version (PICs) that can successfully imitate human poses using the proposed constraint system. PIC was tested on two collaborative robots (Baxter and YuMi). Fifty human demonstrations were collected for a bi-manual assembly and an incision task. Then, two performance metrics were obtained for both robots: pose accuracy with respect to the human and the percentage of environment occlusion/obstruction. The performance of PIC and PICs was compared against the numerical solver baseline (FABRIK). The proposed algorithms achieve a higher pose accuracy than FABRIK for both tasks (25%-FABRIK, 53%-PICs, 58%-PICs). In addition, PIC and it's soft version achieve a lower percentage of occlusion during incision (10%-FABRIK, 4%-PICs, 9%-PICs). These results indicate that the PIC method can reproduce human poses and achieve key desired effects of human imitation.