论文标题
流感的尖峰电动机如何工作
How Influenza's Spike Motor Works
论文作者
论文摘要
虽然通常被认为是一种仅利用其宿主代谢的被动剂，但最近已显示出流感病毒会积极地跨过聚糖涂层的表面移动。目前，这种酶驱动的表面运动的形式尚不清楚，并且与燃烧的桥布里奇·布朗尼棘轮机制松散地联系在一起。从流感的尖峰蛋白的已知特性开始，我们开发了一个物理模型，该模型定量描述了观察到的运动。它预测了峰值蛋白和表面结合配体的共同新兴动力学，与病毒的几何形状相结合会产生自组织的滚动推进。我们表明，与布朗棘轮相比，旋转尖峰驱动并不是波动驱动的，而是在确定性制度中最佳地作为宏观发动机运行。该机制还适用于流感的亲戚和诸如DNA-Monowheels之类的人造类似物，并应为其优化提供准则。
While often believed to be a passive agent that merely exploits its host's metabolism, influenza virus has recently been shown to actively move across glycan-coated surfaces. This form of enzymatically driven surface motility is currently not well understood and has been loosely linked to burnt-bridge Brownian ratchet mechanisms. Starting from known properties of influenza's spike proteins, we develop a physical model that quantitatively describes the observed motility. It predicts a collectively emerging dynamics of spike proteins and surface bound ligands that combined with the virus' geometry give rise to a self-organized rolling propulsion. We show that in contrast to a Brownian ratchet, the rotary spike drive is not fluctuation driven but operates optimally as a macroscopic engine in the deterministic regime. The mechanism also applies to relatives of influenza and to man-made analogues like DNA-monowheels and should give guidelines for their optimization.
