论文标题
非平衡稳态的逆设计：一种大偏差方法
Inverse Design of Non-Equilibrium Steady-States: A Large Deviation Approach
论文作者
论文摘要
小规模非平衡稳态（NESS）的设计是一个具有挑战性的开放式问题。尽管使用标准热力学可以处理类似的平衡问题，但缺乏针对非平衡系统的广义描述，这使设计问题特别困难。在这里，我们表明我们可以利用布朗粒子的较大偏差行为，并设计各种几何复杂的稳态密度分布和通量场流。我们从对经验密度和流动的关节大偏差功能的直接知识以及通过可调节力场参数对所需目标状态的“松弛”算法实现了这个目标。我们通过复制分析结果来验证该方法，并证明其产生复杂的规定目标的能力，例如平面上的玫瑰曲线或多边形形状。我们认为这种动态波动方法是朝着更复杂的NESS设计的第一步，否则仍然缺乏一般框架。
The design of small scale non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) is a challenging, open ended question. While similar equilibrium problems are tractable using standard thermodynamics, a generalized description for non-equilibrium systems is lacking, making the design problem particularly difficult. Here we show we can exploit the large deviation behavior of a Brownian particle and design a variety of geometrically complex steady-state density distributions and flux field flows. We achieve this design target from direct knowledge of the joint large deviation functional for the empirical density and flow, and a "relaxation" algorithm on the desired target states via adjustable force field parameters. We validate the method by replicating analytical results, and demonstrate its capacity to yield complex prescribed targets, such as rose-curve or polygonal shapes on the plane. We consider this dynamical fluctuation approach a first step towards the design of more complex NESS where general frameworks are otherwise still lacking.
