论文标题
投注和攻击:使用智能合约的激励兼容协作攻击
Bet and Attack: Incentive Compatible Collaborative Attacks Using Smart Contracts
论文作者
论文摘要
智能合同的区块链允许建立分散的应用程序,在该应用程序中,相互分布的各方可以共同努力。最近,Oracle Services出现了为这些应用程序提供现实世界数据供稿的信息。不幸的是,这些功能已被用于恶意目的,在所谓的犯罪智能合约下。一些作品探索了这一黑暗的一面,并展示了各种此类攻击。但是,他们都没有考虑过针对位于区块链生态系统之外的目标的协作攻击。在本文中,我们弥合了这一差距,并引入了一个基于智能合同的框架,该框架使赞助商可以在(伪)匿名攻击者之间进行协作攻击,并为此奖励他们。尽管以前所有的作品都需要一种技术来量化攻击者的个人贡献,这对于现实世界的目标可能是不可行的,但我们的框架避免了这种情况。这是通过为通过博彩开发无信任协作的新颖计划来完成的。也就是说,攻击者在事件(即发生攻击发生)上下注,然后努力使该事件发生(即执行攻击)。通过将DDOS作为用户酶,我们将攻击者的互动作为游戏,并正式证明这些攻击者将按照游戏独特的平衡成比例合作。我们还将我们的框架及其奖励功能建模为一种激励机制,并证明这是一种策略证明和预算均衡的机制。最后,我们进行数值模拟以证明框架的平衡行为。
Smart contract-enabled blockchains allow building decentralized applications in which mutually-distrusted parties can work together. Recently, oracle services emerged to provide these applications with real-world data feeds. Unfortunately, these capabilities have been used for malicious purposes under what is called criminal smart contracts. A few works explored this dark side and showed a variety of such attacks. However, none of them considered collaborative attacks against targets that reside outside the blockchain ecosystem. In this paper, we bridge this gap and introduce a smart contract-based framework that allows a sponsor to orchestrate a collaborative attack among (pseudo)anonymous attackers and reward them for that. While all previous works required a technique to quantify an attacker's individual contribution, which could be infeasible with respect to real-world targets, our framework avoids that. This is done by developing a novel scheme for trustless collaboration through betting. That is, attackers bet on an event (i.e., the attack takes place) and then work on making that event happen (i.e., perform the attack). By taking DDoS as a usecase, we formulate attackers' interaction as a game, and formally prove that these attackers will collaborate in proportion to the amount of their bets in the game's unique equilibrium. We also model our framework and its reward function as an incentive mechanism and prove that it is a strategy proof and budget-balanced one. Finally, we conduct numerical simulations to demonstrate the equilibrium behavior of our framework.