论文标题
关于开弦Qed中子和暗物质的稳定性
On the stability of the open-string QED neutron and dark matter
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了一个假设的QED中子的稳定性，该中子由两个$ d $ quarks的色彩系统组成，以及与QED互动相互作用的$ U $ Quark。由于不能隔离夸克，因此在最低能量状态下这三个夸克的内在运动可能主要存在于1+1个维度，例如$ d $ -U $ -U $ -U $ -D $ d $ open String。有吸引力的$ D $ - $ U $和$ U $ - $ D $ QED交互可能会克服较弱的排斥性$ d $ -D $ d $ QED互动，以将三个夸克束缚在一起。我们检查了1+1维的现象学三体问题中的QED中子，并在1+1维中从Schwinger的精确QED溶液中提取的有效相互作用。变异计算中的现象学模型在44.5 meV处产生稳定的QED中子。类似的Qed质子具有两个$ u $ Quarks和$ d $ Quark的质量，令人反感，无法保持稳定并且没有绑定或连续状态，而QED中子可以通过弱相互作用腐烂。因此，QED中子对弱衰变是稳定的，寿命很长，实际上是QED的深色中子。它可以在高能重型离子碰撞中的夸克gluon等离子体的反量相变之后产生。由于QED深中子的寿命很长，QED暗中子或深色抗基质的自我磨碎的组件可能是早期宇宙进化中夸克Gluon等离子体期间产生的原始暗物质的一部分。
We study the stability of a hypothetical QED neutron, which consists of a color-singlet system of two $d$ quarks and a $u$ quark interacting with the QED interaction. As a quark cannot be isolated, the intrinsic motion of the three quarks in the lowest-energy state may lie predominantly in 1+1 dimensions, as in a $d$-$u$-$d$ open string. The attractive $d$-$u$ and $u$-$d$ QED interactions may overcome the weaker repulsive $d$-$d$ QED interaction to bind the three quarks together. We examine the QED neutron in a phenomenological three-body problem in 1+1 dimensions with an effective interaction extracted from Schwinger's exact QED solution in 1+1 dimensions. The phenomenological model in a variational calculation yields a stable QED neutron at 44.5 MeV. The analogous QED proton with two $u$ quarks and a $d$ quark has been found to be too repulsive to be stable and does not have a bound or continuum state, onto which the QED neutron can decay via the weak interaction. Consequently, the QED neutron is stable against the weak decay, has a long lifetime, and is in fact a QED dark neutron. It may be produced following the deconfinement-to-confinement phase transition of the quark gluon plasma in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Because of the long lifetime of the QED dark neutron, self-gravitating assemblies of QED dark neutrons or dark antineutrons may be good candidates for a part of the primordial dark matter produced during the phase transition of the quark gluon plasma in the evolution of the early Universe.
