论文标题
全球量子热法的最佳探针
Optimal Probes for Global Quantum Thermometry
论文作者
论文摘要
量子热力学已成为一个单独的子学科，以量子尺度修改热力学的概念和定律。特别是，温度计的方式发生了破坏性的转变，并且温度计被感知和设计。目前，我们在量子温度计方面面临两个主要挑战。首先，所有现有的最佳精确温度探针都是局部的，这意味着它们的操作仅在狭窄的温度范围内是最佳的。其次，上述最佳局部探针授权复杂的能量谱，并具有巨大的退化，使它们变得不切实际。在这里，我们通过形式化全球温度计的概念来解决这些挑战，从而导致在广泛的温度范围内开发最佳温度传感器。随着温度间隔的增加，我们观察到不同阶段的出现。此外，我们还展示了如何在旋转链中实现最佳全局探针的最佳近似，可在离子陷阱和量子点中实现。
Quantum thermodynamics has emerged as a separate sub-discipline, revising the concepts and laws of thermodynamics, at the quantum scale. In particular, there has been a disruptive shift in the way thermometry, and thermometers are perceived and designed. Currently, we face two major challenges in quantum thermometry. First, all of the existing optimally precise temperature probes are local, meaning their operation is optimal only for a narrow range of temperatures. Second, aforesaid optimal local probes mandate complex energy spectrum with immense degeneracy, rendering them impractical. Here, we address these challenges by formalizing the notion of global thermometry leading to the development of optimal temperature sensors over a wide range of temperatures. We observe the emergence of different phases for such optimal probes as the temperature interval is increased. In addition, we show how the best approximation of optimal global probes can be realized in spin chains, implementable in ion traps and quantum dots.
