论文标题
远离手推车问题，转向风险管理
Away from Trolley Problems and Toward Risk Management
论文作者
论文摘要
随着自动化车辆从媒体受到更多关注，因此在某些崩溃情况下可能被迫做出的道德选择的覆盖范围同样增加，没有明确的安全结果。这些覆盖范围的大部分都集中在一个被称为“手推车问题”的哲学思想实验上，并将自动车辆替换为手推车和汽车的软件。尽管这是自动化车辆道德决策的一个鲜明而直接的例子，但如果成为公众脑海中唯一的道德问题，它可能会使整个领域边缘化。在本章中，我讨论了手推车问题的缺点，并介绍了涉及崩溃风险和不确定性的更多细微示例。引入风险管理作为另一种方法，并讨论了其道德维度。
As automated vehicles receive more attention from the media, there has been an equivalent increase in the coverage of the ethical choices a vehicle may be forced to make in certain crash situations with no clear safe outcome. Much of this coverage has focused on a philosophical thought experiment known as the "trolley problem," and substituting an automated vehicle for the trolley and the car's software for the bystander. While this is a stark and straightforward example of ethical decision making for an automated vehicle, it risks marginalizing the entire field if it is to become the only ethical problem in the public's mind. In this chapter, I discuss the shortcomings of the trolley problem, and introduce more nuanced examples that involve crash risk and uncertainty. Risk management is introduced as an alternative approach, and its ethical dimensions are discussed.
