论文标题

参数化系统的概率分配(技术报告)

Probabilistic Bisimulation for Parameterized Systems (Technical Report)

论文作者

Hong, Chih-Duo, Lin, Anthony W., Majumdar, Rupak, Rümmer, Philipp

论文摘要

概率分配是概率系统过程对等的基本概念。除其他外,它具有重要的应用程序,包括正式化几种通信协议的匿名性属性。在验证有限系统的概率分配方面有很多工作。但是,对于问题通常不可确定的参数化系统而言,情况并非如此。在本文中,我们提供了一个通用框架,用于推理参数化系统的概率分配。我们的方法是本着软件验证的精神,其中我们编码了概率分配的证明规则,并使用可决定的一阶理论来指定系统和候选双仿真关系,然后可以根据证明规则自动检查。作为一个案例研究,我们表明我们的框架足以证明参数化餐饮仪协议的匿名性质和参数化等级协议,并在候选人的常规分配关系中提供时。迄今无法通过现有的自动方法来验证这两种协议。此外,借助标准自动机学习算法,我们表明可以自动合成候选关系,从而使验证完全自动化。

Probabilistic bisimulation is a fundamental notion of process equivalence for probabilistic systems. Among others, it has important applications including formalizing the anonymity property of several communication protocols. There is a lot of work on verifying probabilistic bisimulation for finite systems. This is however not the case for parameterized systems, where the problem is in general undecidable. In this paper we provide a generic framework for reasoning about probabilistic bisimulation for parameterized systems. Our approach is in the spirit of software verification, wherein we encode proof rules for probabilistic bisimulation and use a decidable first-order theory to specify systems and candidate bisimulation relations, which can then be checked automatically against the proof rules. As a case study, we show that our framework is sufficiently expressive for proving the anonymity property of the parameterized dining cryptographers protocol and the parameterized grades protocol, when supplied with a candidate regular bisimulation relation. Both of these protocols hitherto could not be verified by existing automatic methods. Moreover, with the help of standard automata learning algorithms, we show that the candidate relations can be synthesized fully automatically, making the verification fully automated.

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