论文标题
现场：GWTC-2之后的二进制黑洞出生踢和隔离田间形成的前景
State of the field: Binary black hole natal kicks and prospects for isolated field formation after GWTC-2
论文作者
论文摘要
Advanced Ligo和Advanced Pirgo的新发行的GWTC-2重力波检测目录提供了有关合并二进制黑洞（BBHS）的自旋幅度和方向的前所未有的信息。值得注意的是，对BBH种群的分析表明，存在其组分旋转相对于其轨道角动量的二进制物的存在。通常预计通过标准的公共包膜（CE）进化，明显的未对准的旋转与孤立的田间形成矛盾，因此，在密集的恒星簇内部动态二元形成的“吸烟枪”标志。在这里，我们探讨了Ligo/Wigo对自旋轨道未对准的观察是否确实排除了BBHS完全通过标准CE进化在现场形成的可能性。特别是，我们试图了解，通过改变形成后的黑洞的纳塔尔踢，我们可以唤起CE场景，以自言自语地解释观察到的旋转分布和BBHS的合并率。我们发现，如果孤立的黑洞天生有小的出生旋转，那么通过CE形成的BBH需要极端的出生踢才能匹配观察到的BBH种群，并具有速度分散$σ= = 9.7^{+26.7} _ { - 5.9} \ times10^2 \，\ Mathrm {km} \，\ Mathrm {s}^{ - 1} $和$σ> 260 \，\ \，\，\ \，\ Mathrm {km}为了避免这种情况，我们认为有必要假设孤立的黑洞是出生于非变化的出生旋转的，一个或多个替代通道有助于观察到的BBH人群，并且/或其他不可预见的机制可产生该领域中大型的旋转轨道错位。
Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's newly-released GWTC-2 catalog of gravitational-wave detections offers unprecedented information about the spin magnitudes and orientations of merging binary black holes (BBHs). Notably, analysis of the BBH population suggests the presence of binaries whose component spins are significantly misaligned with respect to their orbital angular momenta. Significantly misaligned spins are typically predicted to be at odds with isolated field formation via standard common envelope (CE) evolution, and hence a "smoking gun" signature of dynamical binary formation inside dense stellar clusters. Here, we explore whether the LIGO/Virgo observation of spin-orbit misalignment indeed rules out the possibility that BBHs are formed entirely in the field via standard CE evolution. In particular, we seek to understand whether, by varying the natal kicks black holes receive upon formation, we can invoke the CE scenario to self-consistently explain both the observed spin distribution and merger rate of BBHs. We find that, if isolated black holes are born with small natal spins, then BBHs formed through CE require extreme natal kicks to match the observed BBH population, with a velocity dispersion $σ= 9.7^{+26.7}_{-5.9}\times10^2\,\mathrm{km}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ and $σ>260\,\mathrm{km}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ at 99% credibility. To avoid this condition, we argue that it is necessary to assume that isolated black holes are born with non-vanishing natal spins, that one or more alternative channels contribute to the observed BBH population, and/or that other unforeseen mechanisms serve to yield large spin-orbit misalignment in the field.
