论文标题
单发船尾磁磁梯度计，具有膨胀的冷剖果原子云
Single-shot Stern-Gerlach magnetic gradiometer with an expanding cloud of cold cesium atoms
论文作者
论文摘要
我们结合了Ramsey干涉法，船尾检测方案和使用完全极化的冷剖果原子云的延长几何形状，以单张镜头沿原子云进行磁场梯度的所选成分。与标准方法相比，同时测量了两个空间分离的原子云的进动以提取其相位差，这与磁场梯度成正比，我们在这里使用膨胀原子云的单个图像与沿云沿云的相位差的单个图像一起演示了梯度。使用谐振的射频脉冲和船尾 - 格拉赫成像，我们首先证明了在应用磁场中原子磁化的larmor进攻。接下来，我们让冷原子云在一个维度上扩展，并应用协议来测量磁场梯度。我们的单发梯度计的分辨率不受原子的热运动的限制，并且估计的绝对精度低于$ \ pm0.2 $ 〜mg/cm（$ \ pm20 $ 〜nt/cm）。
We combine the Ramsey interferometry protocol, the Stern-Gerlach detection scheme, and the use of elongated geometry of a cloud of fully polarized cold cesium atoms to measure the selected component of the magnetic field gradient along the atomic cloud in a single shot. In contrast to the standard method where the precession of two spatially separated atomic clouds is simultaneously measured to extract their phase difference, which is proportional to the magnetic field gradient, we here demonstrate a gradiometer using a single image of an expanding atomic cloud with the phase difference imprinted along the cloud. Using resonant radio-frequency pulses and Stern-Gerlach imaging, we first demonstrate nutation and Larmor precession of atomic magnetization in an applied magnetic field. Next, we let the cold atom cloud expand in one dimension and apply the protocol for measuring the magnetic field gradient. The resolution of our single-shot gradiometer is not limited by thermal motion of atoms and has an estimated absolute accuracy below $\pm0.2$~mG/cm ($\pm20$~nT/cm).
