论文标题
图形约束逻辑的固定参数算法
Fixed-Parameter Algorithms for Graph Constraint Logic
论文作者
论文摘要
非确定性约束逻辑(NCL)是基于边缘权重和顶点需求的约束图的方向的简单计算模型。 NCL捕获\ pspace \ xspace,并且是证明许多难题,游戏和重新配置问题的算法硬度的有用工具。特别是,它的有用性源于以下事实:即使在重量严重限制的重量(例如,只需要一侧和两个)以及约束图的结构(例如,Planar \ textsc {and/or/或/或/或} \ X-Sppace图)。虽然对约束图结构的这种限制似乎并没有限制NCL的表现力,但约束图的构建块不得限制而不会失去表现力的情况下:我们将重量一边数和约束图的重量边缘的数量以及\ textsc {and} sppace或\ xspace或\ xspace或\ xspace或\ xspace或\ xspace或\ xspace或\ xspace或\ xspace或\ xspace或\ xspace或\ xspace或\ xspace的数量{或\ textsc {和/或} \ xspace约束图。我们证明,对于任何这些参数,NCL都是固定参数可拖动(FPT)。特别是,对于通过重量一边数或\ textsc {and} \ xspace顶点的数量进行参数化的NCL,我们获得了线性内核。因此,从某种意义上说,Hearn和Demaine介绍的NCL是以最经济的方式定义的,目的是捕获\ pspace。
Non-deterministic constraint logic (NCL) is a simple model of computation based on orientations of a constraint graph with edge weights and vertex demands. NCL captures \PSPACE\xspace and has been a useful tool for proving algorithmic hardness of many puzzles, games, and reconfiguration problems. In particular, its usefulness stems from the fact that it remains \PSPACE-complete even under severe restrictions of the weights (e.g., only edge-weights one and two are needed) and the structure of the constraint graph (e.g., planar \textsc{and/or}\xspace graphs of bounded bandwidth). While such restrictions on the structure of constraint graphs do not seem to limit the expressiveness of NCL, the building blocks of the constraint graphs cannot be limited without losing expressiveness: We consider as parameters the number of weight-one edges and the number of weight-two edges of a constraint graph, as well as the number of \textsc{and}\xspace or \textsc{or}\xspace vertices of an \textsc{and/or}\xspace constraint graph. We show that NCL is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) for any of these parameters. In particular, for NCL parameterized by the number of weight-one edges or the number of \textsc{and}\xspace vertices, we obtain a linear kernel. It follows that, in a sense, NCL as introduced by Hearn and Demaine is defined in the most economical way for the purpose of capturing \PSPACE.