论文标题
生物聚合物凝胶力传输的连续弹性模型
Continuum elastic models for force transmissions in biopolymer gels
论文作者
论文摘要
我们回顾了生物聚合物凝胶中外力和内部活性细胞力的传播的连续弹性模型，并将其与最近的实验相关联。我们没有详尽，而是专注于用于小仿射变形的连续弹性模型，并打算为生物聚合物凝胶的力传播提供系统的连续性方法和一些分析观点。我们从对单个生物聚合物的非线性力学的非常简短的回顾以及生物聚合物凝胶非线性弹性的组成模型摘要开始。接下来，我们表明，简单的3链模型可以给出非常适合某些生物聚合物凝胶的剪切实验的预测，包括应变升级和负面压力负面应力的影响。然后，我们回顾了连续模型，用于传播内部活性力，这些力是由嵌入三维生物聚合物凝胶中的球形收缩细胞诱导的。对于线性各向同性和各向异性材料以及具有非线性压缩式和应变膨胀弹性的生物聚合物凝胶，可确定细胞诱导的位移衰减的各种缩放状态。之后，我们（使用能量方法）在[Ben-Yaakov，Soft Matter，2015，11，1412]中提出的通用和统一的连续性理论（关于生物凝胶基质中力的传播如何介导细胞之间的长距离相互作用与机械稳态之间的长距离相互作用。我们在特殊的六边形多细胞阵列中展示了该理论的预测，并将其与最近的实验联系起来。最后，我们以对连续建模的局限性和前景的评论结束了本文，并强调了互补理论方法的需求，例如离散网络模拟，以迫使生物聚合物凝胶中的传播以及对多细胞系统的现象学活性凝胶理论。
We review continuum elastic models for the transmission of both external forces and internal active cellular forces in biopolymer gels, and relate them to recent experiments. Rather than being exhaustive, we focus on continuum elastic models for small affine deformations and intend to provide a systematic continuum method and some analytical perspectives to the study of force transmissions in biopolymer gels. We start from a very brief review of the nonlinear mechanics of individual biopolymers and a summary of constitutive models for the nonlinear elasticity of biopolymer gels. We next show that the simple 3-chain model can give predictions that well fit the shear experiments of some biopolymer gels, including the effects of strain-stiffening and negative normal stress. We then review continuum models for the transmission of internal active forces that are induced by a spherically contracting cell embedded in a three-dimensional biopolymer gel. Various scaling regimes for the decay of cell-induced displacements are identified for linear isotropic and anisotropic materials, and for biopolymer gels with nonlinear compressive-softening and strain-stiffening elasticity, respectively. After that, we present (using an energetic approach) the generic and unified continuum theory proposed in [Ben-Yaakov, Soft Matter, 2015, 11, 1412] about how the transmission of forces in the biogel matrix can mediate long-range interactions between cells with mechanical homeostasis. We show the predictions of the theory in a special hexagonal multicellular array, and relate them to recent experiments. Finally, we conclude this paper with comments on the limitations and outlook of continuum modeling, and highlight the needs of complementary theoretical approaches such as discrete network simulations to force transmissions in biopolymer gels and phenomenological active gel theories for multicellular systems.
