论文标题
关于破坏对量子隧道的影响
On the effect of decoherence on quantum tunnelling
论文作者
论文摘要
这项工作提出了一系列量子实验，至少可以原则上可以检查与脱碳相关的微观机制。这些实验可以解释为在两个被薄界面分离的卷之间的非平衡混合的量子力学版本。此类实验的主要目标之一是当时间对称定律让位于时间方向，不可逆的过程时，确定非平衡条件，这些过程在量子水平上以不稳定为代表。建议将破裂的速率间接检查，并以最少的入侵进行检查 - 这可以通过测量隧道速率来实现，而隧道速率又受到逆转的影响。在这里将破坏性理解为一个一般过程，不涉及任何重大的能源交换，并由特定类别的克劳斯操作员支配。本工作分析了在具有破坏性的情况下的不同隧道状态，并获得了在不同条件下隧道和腐蚀相应速率连接相应速率的公式。结果表明，由于与环境的单位相互作用而导致的内在破裂性和逆转性的影响是相似的，但不相同，并且可以在实验中区分。
This work proposes a series of quantum experiments that can, at least in principle, allow for examining microscopic mechanisms associated with decoherence. These experiments can be interpreted as a quantum-mechanical version of non-equilibrium mixing between two volumes separated by a thin interface. One of the principal goals of such experiments is in identifying non-equilibrium conditions when time-symmetric laws give way to time-directional, irreversible processes, which are represented by decoherence at the quantum level. The rate of decoherence is suggested to be examined indirectly, with minimal intrusions -- this can be achieved by measuring tunnelling rates that, in turn, are affected by decoherence. Decoherence is understood here as a general process that does not involve any significant exchanges of energy and governed by a particular class of the Kraus operators. The present work analyses different regimes of tunnelling in the presence of decoherence and obtains formulae that link the corresponding rates of tunnelling and decoherence under different conditions. It is shown that the effects on tunnelling of intrinsic decoherence and of decoherence due to unitary interactions with the environment are similar but not the same and can be distinguished in experiments.
