论文标题
不同观察者看到的气泡成核
Bubble nucleation as seen by different observers
论文作者
论文摘要
恒定电场中的成对产生与虚假真空中的气泡成核密切类似。这对的经典轨迹是洛伦兹不变的，但是这种不变性应因成核过程而打破。 Garriga等。使用了由与对成对相互作用的其他颗粒组成的模型检测器，以研究不同洛伦兹观察者如何看待配对的产生。他们发现，两对的颗粒（反粒子）主要观察到朝着（相反）电场的方向移动，并得出结论，观察者看到对在检测器的静止框架中优先核定成核。在这里，我们将这种方法应用于两个检测器相对移动的情况，用于观察同一对的粒子和反粒子。我们发现，无论另一个检测器的运动如何，每个检测器仍将观察到成核发生在其休息框架中。但是，如果两个检测器的相对速度足够高，则可以观察到这对的粒子和反粒子以任意较大的动量彼此移动，这与通常的期望相反。
Pair production in a constant electric field is closely analogous to bubble nucleation in a false vacuum. The classical trajectories of the pairs are Lorentz invariant, but this invariance should be broken by the nucleation process. Garriga et al. used a model detector, consisting of other particles interacting with the pairs, to investigate how pair production is seen by different Lorentzian observers. They found that particles (antiparticles) of the pair are predominantly observed moving in the direction of (opposite to) the electric field and concluded that observers see pairs nucleating preferentially in the detector's rest frame. Here, we apply this approach to the case where two detectors moving relative to one another are used to observe the particle and antiparticle of the same pair. We find that each detector will still observe nucleation to occur in its rest frame, regardless of the motion of the other detector. However, if the relative velocity of the two detectors is sufficiently high, the particle and antiparticle of the pair can be observed moving towards one another with arbitrarily large momenta, contrary to the usual expectation.
