论文标题
对撤回文章的开放引用的定性和定量分析:韦克菲尔德等人的情况
A qualitative and quantitative analysis of open citations to retracted articles: the Wakefield et al.'s case
论文作者
论文摘要
在本文中,我们在1998年发表的主要目的是在我们的研究中发表的主要目的,在儿童中,对儿童的普遍性增生,非特异性结肠炎和普遍的发育障碍进行了对公开引用的定量和定性分析的结果:“卵形淋巴结增生,非特异性结肠炎和普遍的发育障碍”。随着时间的推移积累。我们的分析基于一种方法,该方法说明了我们如何收集数据,提取引用文章的主题并可视化结果。所使用的数据和服务都是开放和免费的,可以促进分析的可重复性。结果与Wakefield等人的文章及其相关的文本引用有关实体的分析。在过去的20年中,我们观察到引用数量不断增加,并伴随着承认其撤回的百分比的持续增长。引用文章已经开始讨论或处理Wakefield等人的文章的撤回,甚至在其全部撤回之前就发生在2010年。社会科学领域中的文章以Wakefield等人的题为Wakefield等人的一篇文章,其中包括大多数讨论其撤回的文章。此外,在观察文本中引用时,我们注意到Wakefield等人的文章收到的很大一部分引用集中在一般讨论上,而没有召回严格的医学细节,尤其是在完整撤回之后。医学研究毫不犹豫地承认撤回,并经常在其上提供强烈的负面陈述。
In this article, we show the results of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of open citations on a popular and highly cited retracted paper: "Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children" by Wakefield et al., published in 1998. The main purpose of our study is to understand the behavior of the publications citing retracted articles and the characteristics of the citations the retracted articles accumulated over time. Our analysis is based on a methodology which illustrates how we gathered the data, extracted the topics of the citing articles, and visualized the results. The data and services used are all open and free to foster the reproducibility of the analysis. The outcomes concerned the analysis of the entities citing Wakefield et al.'s article and their related in-text citations. We observed a constant increasing number of citations in the last 20 years, accompanied with a constant increment in the percentage of those acknowledging its retraction. Citing articles have started either discussing or dealing with the retraction of Wakefield et al.'s article even before its full retraction, happened in 2010. Articles in the social sciences domain citing the Wakefield et al.'s one were among those that have mostly discussed its retraction. In addition, when observing the in-text citations, we noticed that a large part of the citations received by Wakefield et al.'s article has focused on general discussions without recalling strictly medical details, especially after the full retraction. Medical studies did not hesitate in acknowledging the retraction and often provided strong negative statements on it.