论文标题
单向光速和米尔恩宇宙
The One-Way Speed of Light and the Milne Universe
论文作者
论文摘要
在爱因斯坦的相对论特殊理论中，所有观察者都衡量了光的速度$ c $。但是，这是指往返速度，在该速度下，原点的时钟乘以远方镜子的向外和返回之旅。测量单向光速会充满时钟同步问题，只要平均光速保持$ c $，向外和返回腿的速度可能会有所不同。对这种各向异性光速的一个反对意见是，遥远的宇宙的视图在不同的方向上会有所不同，尤其是在观察到的物体的年龄和宇宙微波背景的平滑度方面。在本文中，我们在米尔恩宇宙中探讨了这一点，米尔恩宇宙是弗里德曼·罗伯逊 - 沃克宇宙的限制案例，该宇宙包含任何范围，辐射或暗能量。鉴于该宇宙是空的，可以将其映射到平坦的Minkowski时空上，因此可以根据单向光速进行探索。结论是，光的各向异性速度的存在导致各向异性时间扩张效应，因此，在米尔恩宇宙中观察者将以远处宇宙的各向同性视图来表现。
In Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity, all observers measure the speed of light, $c$, to be the same. However, this refers to the round trip speed, where a clock at the origin times the outward and return trip of light reflecting off a distant mirror. Measuring the one-way speed of light is fraught with issues of clock synchronisation, and, as long as the average speed of light remains $c$, the speeds on the outward and return legs could be different. One objection to this anisotropic speed of light is that views of the distant universe would be different in different directions, especially with regards to the ages of observed objects and the smoothness of the Cosmic Microwave Background. In this paper, we explore this in the Milne universe, the limiting case of a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe containing no matter, radiation or dark energy. Given that this universe is empty, it can be mapped onto flat Minkowski space-time, and so can be explored in terms of the one-way speed of light. The conclusion is that the presence of an anisotropic speed of light leads to anisotropic time dilation effects, and hence observers in the Milne universe would be presented with an isotropic view of the distant cosmos.
