论文标题
弹丸几何形状对动力学撞击器的动量转移的影响以及对DART任务的影响
Influence of the projectile geometry on the momentum transfer from a kinetic impactor and implications for the DART mission
论文作者
论文摘要
DART航天器将在2022年底影响Didymos的次要Dimorphos,并在次级轨道时期发生变化。为了简单起见,大多数对冲击的数值模拟都使用球形弹丸几何形状来对飞镖航天进行建模。为了调查替代性,简单的弹丸几何形状对DART影响结果的影响,我们将Isale Shock Physics代码分为两种,并在Thee-dimension中使用,以模拟具有质量和速度等于标称DART撞击的弹丸的垂直影响,并将其用于多孔玄武岩目标。我们发现这里研究的简单弹丸几何形状对火山口形态和增强动量的影响最小。弹丸几何形状以二维模型,在撞击点具有相似的表面区域,影响火山口半径和火山口体积不到5%。在更极端的弹丸几何形状(即以三维模型的杆)的情况下,与同一动量的球形弹丸相比,火山口是椭圆形和50%浅的浅弹器。这些测试用例通常称为β的动量增强因子在2D模拟的7%以内,对于3D模拟的10%以内,对于均匀的球形弹丸获得的值。弹丸几何形状的最突出效应在弹射速度中看到,这是位于所谓的“耦合区”中的快速弹出位置的启动位置和弹出角的函数。这些结果将为liciacube射流锥分析提供信息。
The DART spacecraft will impact Didymos's secondary, Dimorphos, at the end of 2022 and cause a change in the orbital period of the secondary. For simplicity, most previous numerical simulations of the impact used a spherical projectile geometry to model the DART spacecraft. To investigate the effects of alternative, simple projectile geometries on the DART impact outcome we used the iSALE shock physics code in two and thee-dimensions to model vertical impacts of projectiles with a mass and speed equivalent to the nominal DART impact, into porous basalt targets. We found that the simple projectile geometries investigated here have minimal effects on the crater morphology and momentum enhancement. Projectile geometries modelled in two-dimensions that have similar surface areas at the point of impact, affect the crater radius and the crater volume by less than 5%. In the case of a more extreme projectile geometry (i.e., a rod, modelled in three-dimensions), the crater was elliptical and 50% shallower compared to the crater produced by a spherical projectile of the same momentum. The momentum enhancement factor in these test cases, commonly referred to as beta, was within 7% for the 2D simulations and within 10% for the 3D simulations, of the value obtained for a uniform spherical projectile. The most prominent effects of projectile geometry are seen in the ejection velocity as a function of launch position and ejection angle of the fast ejecta that resides in the so-called `coupling zone'. These results will inform the LICIACube ejecta cone analysis.