论文标题
数百万的共购买和评论揭示了两极分化和生活方式政治在线市场的传播
Millions of Co-purchases and Reviews Reveal the Spread of Polarization and Lifestyle Politics across Online Markets
论文作者
论文摘要
随着市场也变得两极分化,美国的两极分化已经达到了高点。但是,现有的研究集中在特定的市场细分市场和产品上,并且尚未评估这一趋势的完整广度。如果这样的断层线确实分为没有明确政治的其他细分,那将表明生活方式政治的存在 - 当思想和行为固有地在政治上与明确的政治事物的联系在政治上变得一致时。我们研究了多元化市场中不同产品领域的两极分化和生活方式政治的普遍性,并测试了消费者和平台级网络效应以及道德可能解释生活方式政治的程度。具体而言,使用亚马逊的图形和语言数据(从1996 - 2014年开始对950万产品,产品和类别的元数据进行评论),我们在2.18亿个市场实体中采样了2.346亿个关系,以查找与政治上相关,一致性和两极分化最相关的产品类别。然后,我们提取评论文本中存在的道德价值,并使用这些数据以及其他审阅者,产品和类别级别的数据来测试个人和平台级别的网络因素是否比产品的隐含道德更好地解释了生活方式政治。我们发现无处不在的生活方式政治。文化产品的两极分化是任何其他细分市场的两倍,而产品的政治属性与生活方式政治的关联比作者级别的协变量高达3.7倍,而道德与生活方式政治具有统计学意义但相对较小的相关性。在这些情况下检查生活方式政治有助于我们更好地了解党派差异的程度和根源,为什么美国人可能如此两极化以及这种两极分化如何影响市场系统。
Polarization in America has reached a high point as markets are also becoming polarized. Existing research, however, focuses on specific market segments and products and has not evaluated this trend's full breadth. If such fault lines do spread into other segments that are not explicitly political, it would indicate the presence of lifestyle politics -- when ideas and behaviors not inherently political become politically aligned through their connections with explicitly political things. We study the pervasiveness of polarization and lifestyle politics over different product segments in a diverse market and test the extent to which consumer- and platform-level network effects and morality may explain lifestyle politics. Specifically, using graph and language data from Amazon (82.5M reviews of 9.5M products and product and category metadata from 1996-2014), we sample 234.6 million relations among 21.8 million market entities to find product categories that are most politically relevant, aligned, and polarized. We then extract moral values present in reviews' text and use these data and other reviewer-, product-, and category-level data to test whether individual- and platform- level network factors explain lifestyle politics better than products' implicit morality. We find pervasive lifestyle politics. Cultural products are 4 times more polarized than any other segment, products' political attributes have up to 3.7 times larger associations with lifestyle politics than author-level covariates, and morality has statistically significant but relatively small correlations with lifestyle politics. Examining lifestyle politics in these contexts helps us better understand the extent and root of partisan differences, why Americans may be so polarized, and how this polarization affects market systems.