论文标题

评论贝尔定理中因果网络和选择自由的评论

Comment on Causal Networks and Freedom of Choice in Bell's Theorem

论文作者

Kupczynski, Marian

论文摘要

如果隐藏变量不取决于实验设置,则只能得出贝尔的不平等现象。隐藏变量和设定变量的随机独立性称为:选择自由,自由意志,测量独立性或没有阴谋。通过在较大的因果网络中嵌入铃的因果结构,作者可以正确证明,可以解释和量化可能违反测量独立性的行为,而无需唤起超确定性。他们假定因果决定设置的变量的独立性,并研究它们与隐藏变量的相关性。使用其扩展的因果网络,他们得出了一个上下文概率模型,其进一步的正确结果是基于的。作者似乎忽略了上下文概率模型可以直接使用概率概念直接得出,并正确地合并了描述测量工具的相关变量。在这些上下文的概率模型中,实验者的选择自由没有受到损害,贝尔测试的结果包括明显违反爱因斯坦非信号的措施,可以以当地的因果方式来解释。谈论选择自由是误导性的,植根于对贝叶斯定理的不正确理解。我们解释了为什么应将选择自由称为非上下文性,以及为什么其在贝尔测试中的侵犯仅证实了量子可观察到的上下文特征。因此,情境性而不是实验者选择自由是量子信息中的重要资源。

Bell inequalities may only be derived, if hidden variables do not depend on the experimental settings. The stochastic independence of hidden and setting variables is called: freedom of choice, free will, measurement independence or no conspiracy. By imbedding the Bell causal structure in a larger causal network the authors correctly prove, that one can explain and quantify possible violation of measurement independence without evoking the super-determinism. They assume the independence of the variables that causally determine the settings and investigate how they might become correlated with hidden variables. Using their extended causal networks they derive a contextual probabilistic model on which their further correct results are based. The authors seem to ignore that contextual probabilistic model may be derived directly using only probabilistic concepts and incorporating correctly setting dependent variables describing measuring instruments. In these contextual probabilistic models experimenters freedom of choice is not compromised and the results of Bell Tests including an apparent violation of Einsteinian nonsignaling may be explained in a locally causal way. Talking about freedom of choice is misleading and is rooted in incorrect understanding of Bayes Theorem. We explain why freedom of choice should be called noncontextuality and why its violation in Bell Tests confirms only the contextual character of quantum observables. Therefore, contextuality and not experimenters freedom of choice are important resources in quantum information.

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