论文标题
共同配合和模仿个人的异质混合种群
Heterogeneous Mixed Populations of Coordinating, Anticoordinating, and Imitating Individuals
论文作者
论文摘要
决策的人通常是模仿者,他们模仿了最成功的个体的行动,一个顺从者(或协调的人),如果有足够的人这样做的话,他们会选择行动,或者如果很少有人这样做,他们会选择行动(或抗议个人)。研究人员研究了包括其中一种或两种决策者的人口的渐近行为,但我们第一次做的不是完全。我们考虑了一个异构个人的人口,每个人都合作或缺陷,并根据他们可能独特的回报矩阵和人口合作者总数赚取回报。在一个离散的时间顺序中,个人根据最佳响应或模仿更新规则不同步地修改自己的选择。那些基于最佳响应更新的人是合格的(分别是非宪法主义者),如果他们的回报矩阵是协调(分别抗议)游戏的矩阵。我们将合作者分配给具有与系统状态相同的三种类型的个人。首先,我们提供了模拟结果,表明人口可能同时接受零,一个或多个平衡,以及几个非辛格尔顿最小的阳性阳性集合。其次,我们发现存在平衡的必要条件。第三,我们进行稳定分析,发现只有那些模仿者所有合作或所有缺陷的平衡都可能是稳定的。第四,我们探讨了一个充满挑战的问题,即表征最小的积极不变的集合并找到存在此类集合的条件。最后,我们研究了在受干扰动力学下的国家的随机稳定性,在这种动力学下,允许代理在决策中以一定较小的概率犯错误。
Decision-making individuals are typically either an imitator, who mimics the action of the most successful individual(s), a conformist (or coordinating individual), who chooses an action if enough others have done so, or a nonconformist (or anticoordinating individual), who chooses an action if few others have done so. Researchers have studied the asymptotic behavior of populations comprising one or two of these types of decision-makers, but not altogether, which we do for the first time. We consider a population of heterogeneous individuals, each either cooperates or defects, and earns payoffs according to their possibly unique payoff matrix and the total number of cooperators in the population. Over a discrete sequence of time, the individuals revise their choices asynchronously based on the best-response or imitation update rule. Those who update based on the best-response are a conformist (resp. nonconformist) if their payoff matrix is that of a coordination (resp. anticoordination) game. We take the distribution of cooperators over the three types of individuals with the same payoff matrix as the state of the system. First, we provide our simulation results, showing that a population may admit zero, one or more equilibria at the same time, and several non-singleton minimal positively invariant sets. Second, we find the necessary and sufficient condition for equilibrium existence. Third, we perform stability analysis and find that only those equilibria where the imitators either all cooperate or all defect are likely to be stable. Fourth, we proceed to the challenging problem of characterizing the minimal positively invariant sets and find conditions for the existence of such sets. Finally, we study the stochastic stability of the states under the perturbed dynamics, where the agents are allowed to make mistakes in their decisions with a certain small probability.