论文标题

Bose气体实验中的非热固定点

Non-Thermal Fixed Points in Bose Gas Experiments

论文作者

Madeira, Lucas, Bagnato, Vanderlei S.

论文摘要

物理学中最具挑战性的任务之一是了解过平衡系统的途径达到其热层状态。当人们考虑多体量子系统时,这个问题可能会特别令人不知所措。然而,最近的一些理论和实验研究表明,在恢复空间和时间之后,一些遥远的平衡系统在接近所谓的非热固定点(NTFP)时表现出通用动力学。这为研究和将异常平衡现象分为定义明确的普遍性类别的一般框架打开了可能性。本文回顾了在涉及Bose气体的实验中观察NTFP的最新进展。我们简要介绍了这种普遍缩放背后的理论,重点是NTFP的实验观察。我们通过类比与重新归一化群体理论在平衡临界现象中呈现NTFP通用类别的好处。

One of the most challenging tasks in physics has been understanding the route an out-of-equilibrium system takes to its thermalized state. This problem can be particularly overwhelming when one considers a many-body quantum system. However, several recent theoretical and experimental studies have indicated that some far-from-equilibrium systems display universal dynamics when close to a so-called non-thermal fixed point (NTFP), following a rescaling of both space and time. This opens up the possibility of a general framework for studying and categorizing out-of-equilibrium phenomena into well-defined universality classes. This paper reviews the recent advances in observing NTFPs in experiments involving Bose gases. We provide a brief introduction to the theory behind this universal scaling, focusing on experimental observations of NTFPs. We present the benefits of NTFP universality classes by analogy with renormalization group theory in equilibrium critical phenomena.

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