论文标题
估计教育体系合并的影响：中国农村学校关闭倡议的案例
Estimating the Effects of Educational System Consolidation: The Case of China's Rural School Closure Initiative
论文作者
论文摘要
全球生育能力下降，人口衰老和农村移民的趋势正在构成巩固学校系统的压力，尽管规模经济经济将使尽管学生的旅行距离更长，但规模经济将使高质量的教育能够有效地进行。然而，在发达国家之外，很少有研究认为系统整合对教育访问和不平等的影响。我们估计了教育基础设施合并对2000年代初期中国农村小学关闭政策的案例对教育程度的影响。我们使用来自大型家庭调查的数据，其中涉及728个省的728个村庄，并利用村庄关闭村庄的差异和关闭儿童年龄的差异，以确定学校关闭的因果影响。对于在小学时代接触闭幕的女孩来说，到2011年，当儿童的平均年龄为17岁时，我们发现平均减少了0.60年的学业。自从关闭以来，负面影响会随着时间而增强。对于男孩，没有相应的重大影响。性别的不同影响可能与女孩入学对距离的更高敏感性以及男孩入学质量的反应性更大有关。
Global trends of fertility decline, population aging, and rural outmigration are creating pressures to consolidate school systems, with the rationale that economies of scale will enable higher quality education to be delivered in an efficient manner, despite longer travel distances for students. Yet, few studies have considered the implications of system consolidation for educational access and inequality, outside of the context of developed countries. We estimate the impact of educational infrastructure consolidation on educational attainment using the case of China's rural primary school closure policies in the early 2000s. We use data from a large household survey covering 728 villages in 7 provinces, and exploit variation in villages' year of school closure and children's ages at closure to identify the causal impact of school closure. For girls exposed to closure during their primary school ages, we find an average decrease of 0.60 years of schooling by 2011, when children's mean age was 17 years old. Negative effects strengthen with time since closure. For boys, there is no corresponding significant effect. Different effects by gender may be related to greater sensitivity of girls' enrollment to distance and greater responsiveness of boys' enrollment to quality.
