论文标题
不可逆效率和Carnot定理，用于在线性响应方面使用多个热浴运行的热发动机
Irreversible efficiency and Carnot theorem for heat engines operating with multiple heat baths in linear response regime
论文作者
论文摘要
Carnot定理是热力学第二定律的一种表达，将基本的上部结合在两个热浴之间运行的热发动机的效率上。 Carnot定理可以以更广泛的形式来陈述，用于使用多个热水浴的热发动机，在两个热浴之间，在两个热浴之间进行了绝对操作的可逆热发动机的最大效率。在这项研究中，我们通过量化不可逆操作对耗散的影响来确定在线性响应方面以多个热浴方式（即在较小的温度差异和控制参数缓慢变化的情况下）进行多个热浴的不可逆效率。 carnot定理是作为其自然结果得出的。由于获得的结果基于线性响应理论的通用框架中的线性响应关系和波动 - 散落定理，因此它对在线性响应方面运行的不可逆热发动机具有广泛的适用性。
The Carnot theorem, one expression of the second law of thermodynamics, places a fundamental upper bound on the efficiency of heat engines operating between two heat baths. The Carnot theorem can be stated in a more generalized form for heat engines operating with multiple heat baths, where the maximum efficiency is achieved for reversible heat engines operating quasistatically between two heat baths. In this study, we determine the irreversible efficiency of heat engines operating with multiple heat baths in a linear response regime, i.e., under small temperature differences and a slow variation of the control parameters, by quantifying the impact of the dissipation by irreversible operations. The Carnot theorem is derived as a natural consequence of it. Because the result obtained is based on the linear response relation and fluctuation-dissipation theorem in the universal framework of linear response theory, it has wide applicability to irreversible heat engines operating in the linear response regime.
