论文标题
引力波的参数估计
Parameter estimation with gravitational waves
论文作者
论文摘要
引力波天文学的新时代真正始于2015年9月14日，当时发现了GW150914，这是两个先进的Ligo探测器对两个黑孔和合并的引人入胜的引诱波。在随后的前三个观察到Ligo/处女座网络的跑步中，已经宣布了$ \ sim 50 $紧凑型二进制合并的重力波，将有更多结果。这些事件主要是由二进制黑洞产生的，但是迄今已观察到了两个二元中子星，以及两个中子星 - 黑洞系统的合并。此外，通过核心折叠超新星，脉冲星和随机引力波背景发出的引力波在Ligo/Pirgo/Kagra敏感性频段内，很可能会在以后的观察过程中观察到。除了信号检测之外，一个主要的挑战是开发统计和计算方法，用于估计物理波形参数并量化其不确定性以准确表征发射系统。这些方法取决于重力波和使用的重力波形模型的来源。本文回顾了用于从Ligo和Pirgo检测到的重力波信号中提取物理参数的主要波形模型和参数估计方法以及未来预期观察到的物理参数，其中包括Kagra，以及这些方法如何与Ligo/Virgo/Kagra科学的各个方面接口。还提出了Ligo和处女座使用的统计方法来估计检测器噪声，测试一般相对论并得出有关宇宙中紧凑型二元合并速率的结论。此外，给出了主要可用的重力波参数估计软件软件包的摘要。
The new era of gravitational wave astronomy truly began on September 14, 2015 with the detection of GW150914, the sensational first direct observation of gravitational waves from the inspiral and merger of two black holes by the two Advanced LIGO detectors. In the subsequent first three observing runs of the LIGO/Virgo network, gravitational waves from $\sim 50$ compact binary mergers have been announced, with more results to come. The events have mostly been produced by binary black holes, but two binary neutron star mergers have so far been observed, as well as the mergers of two neutron star - black hole systems. Furthermore, gravitational waves emitted by core-collapse supernovae, pulsars and the stochastic gravitational wave background are within the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA sensitivity band and are likely to be observed in future observation runs. Beyond signal detection, a major challenge has been the development of statistical and computational methodology for estimating the physical waveform parameters and quantifying their uncertainties in order to accurately characterise the emitting system. These methods depend on the sources of the gravitational waves and the gravitational waveform model that is used. This article reviews the main waveform models and parameter estimation methods used to extract physical parameters from gravitational wave signals detected to date by LIGO and Virgo and from those expected to be observed in the future, which will include KAGRA, and how these methods interface with various aspects of LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA science. Also presented are the statistical methods used by LIGO and Virgo to estimate detector noise, test general relativity, and draw conclusions about the rates of compact binary mergers in the universe. Furthermore, a summary of major publicly available gravitational wave parameter estimation software packages is given.
